明代南京官房考  

An Examination of the Dwellings Provided by the Ming Government in Nanjing

作　　者：罗晓翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学系,南京210093

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2014年第6期64-75,155,共12页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(12YJC770042);国家社科基金重大招标项目(10&ZD069);南京大学人文基金项目

摘　　要：洪武时期,南京官员、坊厢居民、卫所军士以及工匠、太学生等所住房屋多由政府统一营建。这些廊房、营房、廨舍都具有官房的性质,且有相应的分配与管理制度。官员廨舍由工部负责登记、分配与维修,民住廊房由五城兵马司征收房钞并上交户部,军伍营房由兵部掌管。至嘉靖时期,明初的官廨制度几乎崩溃,民占官舍、官僦民居,工部已无力监管,大批官房由官产变为私产。兵部则对营房征收租银,军士不再享有免费住房。而对民住廊房征收房钞的制度则一直延续至明末。明代南京的官房制度及其变迁从一个侧面折射出政治因素,尤其是洪武时期的都城规划、徙实京师政策以及永乐北迁对城市社会的深远影响。In the time of Hongwu Reign,the government provided dwellings for most officials,urban dwellers,soldiers,enlisted craftsmen and students of the Imperial College.Large amounts of dormitories,barracks,or office mansions were state-owned real estates,provide under relevant regulations of provision and management.With the relocation of the Capital in Beijing,this system changed,and a new mode as to public dwellings appeared in the time of Jiajing Reign.An examination of this system and its changes is helpful in our understanding of the profound impact of such political factors upon the social life as the Capital-building and forced-migration during the Hongwu Reign and the relocation of the Capital in Beijing during the Yongle Reign.

关 键 词：明代 南京 官房 廊房 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]