长白山次生针阔混交林乔木多样性维持机制研究  

Maintaining mechanism of tree diversity in a secondary conifer and broadleaf mixed forest in Changbai Mountains

作　　者：马志远[1] 石玲[2] 吴相菊[3] 张春雨[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学森林资源与生态系统过程北京市重点实验室 [2]北京林业大学园林学院 [3]吉林省蛟河林业实验区管理局

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2014年第6期93-98,共6页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-12-0781);2014年度北京市科技创新基地培育与发展工程专项(Z141105004414013);北京林业大学大学生创新项目(X1310022144)

摘　　要：温带森林的生物多样性形成和维持机制仍处于理论探讨阶段。本文利用单物种-面积关系模型,检验了样地中21种木本植物对局域群落多样性的影响。结果表明：1）不同树种对邻域多样性格局影响存在差异,在0-50 m空间尺度上白桦、水曲柳、长白落叶松、怀槐、鱼鳞松、红松、青杨、山杨、臭松、紫椴、春榆、色木槭、青楷槭和花楷槭表现为多样性促进种;枫桦和假色槭表现为多样性抑制种;黄檗和蒙古栎在绝大多数空间尺度上表现为中性种;裂叶榆和糠椴在部分空间尺度上抑制了局域群落多样性。2）在0-50 m空间尺度上,多样性促进种比例明显高于中性种和抑制种,并且促进种比例随着空间尺度增加而下降,具有明显的尺度依赖性;在所有研究尺度上抑制种和中性种比例始终维持在20%左右。因此,生物多样性促进种在群落多样性格局组建过程中起主导作用,研究结果进一步验证了生态位理论在温带森林群落多样性维持中具有重要作用。同时,中性种所代表的随机过程在群落组建过程中所发挥的作用也不容忽视。The formation and maintaining mechanism of biodiversity of the temperate forests is still open to theoretical discussion. The effects of 21 tree species on local community diversity were examined by individual species-area relationship model. The results showed that： 1） the effect of different tree species on the local diversity pattern was different. Betula platyphylla,Fraxinus mandshurica,Larix olgensis,Maackia amurensis, Picea jezoen, Pinus koraiensis, Populus cathayana, Populus davidiana,Symplocarpus foetidus,Tilia amurensis,Ulmus davidiana var. japonica,Acer mono,Acer tegmentosum and Acer ukurunduense acted as diversity accumulators at all studied spatial scales, Acer pseudosieboldianum and Betula costata as diversity repellers,Phellodendron amurense and Quercus mongolica as neutral at most spatial scales,and Ulmus laciniata and Tilia mandschurica as diversity repellers only at some spatial scales. 2） The proportion of diversity accumulators declined with increasing scales.However,it was still higher than that of repellers and neutrals at all studied scales of 0-50 m,indicating that it was significantly scale-dependent. The proportion of repellers and neutrals always stayed at about20%. Therefore, diversity accumulators played a determinant role in the structuring processes ofcommunity diversity in the secondary conifer and broadleaf mixed forest. Our result indicated that niche theory plays an important role in maintaining species diversity in temperate forest community. Meanwhile,the function of random processes represented by neutral species in the construction of community structure should not be ignored.

关 键 词：单物种-面积关系 空间尺度 促进种 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]