海上地震勘探中震源阵列的定位算法研究  

Research on the Gun Array Positioning Method in Marine Seismic Exploration

作　　者：方守川[1,2] 赵建虎[1] 王振杰[3] 邹亚靖 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学测绘学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]东方地球物理公司装备服务处测量服务中心,河北涿州072751 [3]中国石油大学,山东青岛266555

出　　处：《海洋技术》2014年第5期96-100,共5页Ocean Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41176068;40976061;40776048)

摘　　要：为了得到海洋地球物理勘探作业中震源阵列位置定位问题的解决方案,文中对航行作业过程中的地震勘探船只拖带的震源阵列实时位置计算方法进行了研究。首先,介绍了基于激光定位系统和相对GPS定位系统的震源阵列定位方法。为了解决相对GPS定位系统输出的定位数据粗差剔除、时间同步等预处理问题,提出了一种基于滑动缓冲区的多项式拟合粗差剔除和数据同步处理算法,满足了粗差剔除要求。并利用该模型函数实现了震源阵列放炮时刻观测值的内插,进而实现了放炮时刻和定位时刻的数据同步。在此基础上,研究了震源阵列导航定位模型,提出了以单个枪体为对象的卡尔曼滤波模型来描述震源阵列的运动状态,以满足海洋地球物理勘探震源阵列定位的需要。In order to obtain the solution to the gun array positioning in marine seismic exploration, this paper concentrates on how to calculate the location of gun arrays towed by seismic vessels in navigating operations. Firstly, this paper introduces the gun array positioning method based on the laser positioning system and RGPS system with its data output. Then a pre-process method based on polynomial fitting for RGPS data was presented to process the RGPS raw data, meeting the requirements of gross error rejection and synchronization of data. Interpolation of the observed values of gun array blasting time is also implemented using this mathematical model, thus achieving data synchronization of blasting and positioning times. Finally, the navigation and positioning model for the gun array is studied, and a Kalman filter-based model aimed at individual gun is proposed to characterize the motion state of the gun array, so as to satisfy the requirements of marine geophysical exploration.

关 键 词：海上地震勘探 震源阵列 RGPS导航定位 多项式拟合 卡尔曼滤波 

分 类 号：P229[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]