中国铅流变化的定量分析  

Quantitative Analysis on the Changes in Anthropogenic Lead Flows of China

作　　者：马兰[1] 毛建素[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《环境科学》2014年第7期2829-2833,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171361)

摘　　要：近年来,我国采取了一系列措施来改善铅的人为循环流动.了解铅流状况的改变,既可检验这些举措的有效性,又可全面把握我国铅流现状,为进一步资源环境改善提供定量参考.本研究采用＂stock and flows（STAF）＂物流分析法,分析了我国2010年铅流现状,在此基础上,选取铅矿石消耗量、环境释放量、资源效率、环境效率、循环率等指标,结合已有2000年研究结果,对比分析了2000-2010年的改变.结果表明,该10年间我国铅资源效率和环境效率分别提高到2000年的1.3倍和1.07倍,同时,铅循环率也提高了29.57%.然而,由于我国铅金属生产和消费规模继续扩大,使得铅矿消耗和铅环境释放量仍呈增大趋势,并较2000年分别提高了1.97和2.57倍,表明我国铅流改善仍任重道远.In recent years,a series of measures have been taken to improve the lead anthropogenic flow. Knowledge of the changes that happened to anthropogenic lead flows can not only examine the effectiveness of these measures,but also help us to understand the current status of lead flows in China,which can provide us quantitative fundamental reference for further improvement in source utilization and environment quality. In this study,the material flow analysis method based on stock and flow（ STAF） was employed to analyze the current anthropogenic lead flows in 2010. Based on that,some indices such as lead ore consumption,environmental lead emission,resource efficiency,environmental efficiency,recycling rate,and so on,were taken to evaluate the changes occurred to anthropogenic lead flows during the last decade by comparing their values in 2010 to those in 2000. The results showed that the lead resource efficiency and environmental efficiency in 2010 were 1. 3 times and 1. 07 times respectively as high as those of 2000,while the lead recycling rate was also increased by 29. 57%. However,the quantity of lead ore consumption and environmental lead emissions continued increasing,and were increased by 1. 97 and 2. 57 times respectively as compared to those of 2000 due to the scale expansion of China in lead production and consumption,which indicates a future heavy task in the improvement of anthropogenic lead flows of China.

关 键 词：物质流动分析 铅矿资源 重金属 资源效率 循环率 铅污染 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]