湖北血吸虫病流行区初中生接触疫水相关行为比较  

Schistosomiasis related risk behaviors among middle school students from different endemic areas

作　　者：肖汉[1,2] 李十月[2] 李晶晶[2] 高梦婷[2] 燕虹[2] 左丹[2] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学宣武医院呼吸科,北京100053 [2]武汉大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2014年第10期1479-1480,1484,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的比较湖北省不同血吸虫病流行疫情控制区初中生血吸虫病相关危险行为状况,为有针对性地制定血吸虫病健康教育策略提供依据。方法将湖北省血吸虫疫区分为传播控制区和疫情控制区,随机整群抽取3 204名初中生进行问卷调查。结果疫情控制区初中生在近3,6,12个月中,接触明确有钉螺水体的行为发生率分别为10.5%,21.9%和13.4%,均较传播控制区(12.6%,25.1%和16.7%)低;接触不明确有钉螺水体的行为发生率分别为21.9%,16.0%和26.3%,均低于传播控制区(26.4%,19.6%和30.5%);除近3个月接触有明确钉螺的水体行为外,其余各项差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为8.67,6.78,6.68,4.52,6.78,P值均<0.05)。不同流行区学生接触疫水的方式均以洗手洗脚、戏水和洗东西为主,疫情控制区学生在家附近和在学校附近以不同接触方式接触疫水的比例均比传播控制区学生低。近1 a内,在接触疫水的学生中,传播控制区和疫情控制区分别有22.1%和25.4%的学生在接触水体时能意识到可能感染血吸虫病的危险;分别有33.3%和34.7%的学生报告采取了防护措施,但差异均无统计学意义(χ2值分别为2.07,0.26,P值均>0.05)。结论不同流行区初中生血吸虫病危险行为发生存在差异,应采取不同的健康教育方式。Objective To compare schistosomiasis related risk behaviors among middle school students from different schistosomiasis endemic areas. Methods The schistosoma endemic regions were divided into transmission control area and epidemic control area in Hubei. A total of 3 204 middle school students were selected through stratified cluster random sampling and com- pleted questionnaire. Results The incidence of contacting contaminated water with snail during the past 3, 6, 12 months among middle school students in epidemic control area was 10.5%, 21.9% and 13.4%, respectively, which was lower than those of students from the transmission control area 1 12.6%, 25.1% and 16.7%）. The incidence of contacting infected freshwater in the past 3, 6, 12 months among students from the epidemic control area （21.9%, 16.0% and 26.3%） were also lower than those of students from the transmission control area （ 26.4%, 19.6% and 30.5% ）. The major ways of exposure to contaminated water were washing hands and feet, splashing and washing other things in different epidemic areas. The reported proportions of contacting contaminated water near home and school in different ways was lower among students from epidemic control area than those from trans- mission control area. In the epidemic control and transmission control areas, 22.1% and 25.4% students who contacted with contaminated water had risk awareness, and 33.3% and 34.7% took protective measures. There were no statistically significant differences on risk awareness and protective behaviors between the students from two areas. Conclusion Middle school students from different schistosomiasis endemic areas have different schistosomiasis related risk behaviors. Health education methods should be different in different epidemic areas.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 健康行为 学生 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学]