玛咖药用价值与引种培育研究进展  

Advances in research on medicinal value,introduction and cultivation in Lepidium meyenii

作　　者：王义强[1,2] 陈章靖 王启业[2] 赵宗凯[2] 罗浪[2] 钟洁[2] 

机构地区：[1]经济林培育与保护省部共建教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [2]中南林业科技大学生物技术实验室,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《经济林研究》2014年第2期167-172,共6页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：高校人才引进项目"玛咖培育与开发利用"(104-0131)

摘　　要：玛咖是原产于秘鲁安第斯山脉(海拔3 500 m以上)的珍稀高山药、食两用植物,不仅含有丰富的蛋白质、人体必需的氨基酸、多种矿物质(K、Ca、Fe、Zn)和多种维生素(VB1、VB2、VC)等营养物质,而且含有玛咖生物碱、芥子油苷与甾醇类等次生代谢活性成分。大量研究表明,玛咖具有提高生育力、改善性功能、调节内分泌、增强免疫力、抗氧化、抗压力、抗疲劳和抗癌等作用,并对风湿症、呼吸疾病、抑郁症、贫血症等有很好的治疗效果。近10年来,在我国云南、新疆、吉林和湖南等省(区)引种玛咖已获成功,并形成了一定规模的生产能力,栽培玛咖已成为高海拔山区发展林下经济新的增长点。文中对玛咖的生物学特性、化学成分、药理作用、引种栽培和组织培养等5个方面的研究进行了综述,旨在为我国进一步科学发展玛咖生产及合理开发利用玛咖资源提供参考依据。Lepidium meyenii is native to Peruvian Andes （3 500 m above sea level）, and is a rare medicine and food plant from high mountains. It not only contains rich protein, essential amino acids, a variety of minerals （K, Ca, Fe, zinc）, and a variety of vitamins （VB1, VB2, VC）, and other nutrients, but also contains active ingredients such as maca alkaloids, glucosinolates and sterols from secondary metabolism. A large number of studies have shown that L. meyenii has the role of raising fertility, improving sexual function, regulating endocrine, enhancing immunity, resisting oxidation, pressure resistance, fatigue resistance and anti-cancer, and it has also very good therapeutic effects on rheumatism, respiratory disease, depression and anemia. In recent 10 years, L. meyenii has been successfully introduced and cultivated in Yunnan, Xinjiang, Jilin and Hunan, and has formed a certain scale of production. This has become a new growth point of forest economy in high altitude mountainous area. The five aspects of researches on biological characteristics, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, introduction and cultivation, tissue culture in L. meyenii were reviewed, in order to provide a reference for further scientiifc production and reasonable utilization in our country.

关 键 词：玛咖 药用价值 引种栽培 研究进展 

分 类 号：S602.2[农业科学—园艺学]