驾驶员个性特征及心理症状与交通事故倾向性关系  

Association of personality and psychology with accident proneness among drivers

作　　者：苏华斌[1] 王晓敏[2] 黄开勇[3] 刘勇[4] 郑艳燕[1] 聂光辉[5] 杨莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学公共卫生学院职业卫生与环境卫生学教研室,广西南宁530021 [2]广西医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室 [3]广西医科大学公共卫生学院卫生经济学教研室 [4]广西医科大学研究生学院在职研究生办公室 [5]广西医科大学公共卫生学院医学心理行为学教研室

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2014年第12期1500-1503,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：广西自然科学基金重点项目(2013jjDA40011)

摘　　要：目的了解机动车驾驶员个性特征以及心理症状与事故倾向性的关系,为减少道路交通伤害提供科学依据。方法采用病例对照研究方法,按1:1配对随机抽取广西南宁市60对机动车驾驶员,使用艾森克人格问卷-成人版(EPQ)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行调查分析。结果病例组驾驶员EPQ量表中的内外一型(E)、精神质(P)、情绪性(N)因子分别为(14.53±2.89)、(6.45±2.59)、(9.88±4.31)分,SCL-90量表中的躯体化、强迫、焦虑、敌对性、恐怖因子分别为(1.54±0.27)、(1.72±0.20)、(1.71±0.40)、(1.62±0.37)、(1.39±0.39)分,均高于对照组(P<0.05);病例组驾龄≤15年的驾驶员EPQ量表中的E因子为(14.12±3.19)分,SCL-90量表中的躯体化、强迫、焦虑、敌对因子分别为(1.59±0.22)、(1.72±0.21)、(1.77±0.37)、(1.62±0.33)分,均高于对照组(P<0.05);病例组初中文化程度的驾驶员EPQ量表中的E、P因子为(14.24±3.00)、(7.10±2.86)分,SCL-90量表中的躯体化、强迫、焦虑、敌对因子分别为(1.58±0.25)、(1.73±0.25)、(1.79±0.35)、(1.61±0.34)分,均高于对照组(P<0.05);多因素结果显示,外向型(OR=1.41)、敌对(OR=5.39)和恐怖(OR=5.42)为机动车驾驶员事故倾向性的危险因素。结论驾驶员个性特征以及心理症状与事故倾向性有关;外向型、敌对性和恐怖是驾驶员事故倾向性的危险因素。Objective To study the association of personality and psychology with accident proneness among motor vehicle drivers and to provide scientific evidences to reduce road traffic injury. Methods A 1： 1 matched case-control study was applied to this study and 60 pairs of motor vehicle drivers （60 with the history of liability road traffic accidents of ≥3 times during January 2008 to December 2012 as the cases and 60 without history of road traffic accidents during the same period as the controls）from Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region accomplished Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ） and Symptom Checklist - 90 （ SCL-90 ）. Results The scores of extroversion （ E, 14.53 ±2. 89 ）, psycholepsy （ P, 6.45 ± 2. 59 ）, neuroticism （ N,9.88± 4. 31 ）, mobilization （ 1.54±0. 27 ）, obsession （ 1.72 ± 0. 20 ）, anxiety （ 1.71 ± 0. 40）, hostile （ 1.62 ± 0. 37 ）, and terror（ 1.39 ± 0. 39） were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group（P 〈0. 05 for all）. The scores of E（ 14. 12±3.19） ,mobilization（ 1.59 ±0. 22） ,obsession（ 1.72±0. 21 ）, anxiety （1.77 ±0. 37 ）, and hostile （1.62 ± 0. 33 ）for the drivers with driving experience of ≤ 15 years in the case group were higher than those of the control group （ P 〈 0. 05 for all）. The scores of E （ 14. 24 ±3.00 ）, P （ 7. 10 ± 2. 86 ）, mobilization（ 1.58 ±0. 25） ,obsession（ 1.73 ±0. 25） ,anxiety（ 1.79 ±0. 35） ,and hostile（ 1.61 ± 0. 34 ） of the drivers with junior middle school education in the case group were higher than those in the control group（ P 〈 0.05 for all）. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that extroversion （ odds ratio E OR 1 = 1.41 ）, hostile （ OR = 5.39 ）, and terror （ OR = 5.42） were risk factors for accident proneness. Conclusion The driver accident proneness is related to the personality and psychology of the driver. Extroversion, hostile and terror were risk factors for accident proneness.

关 键 词：个性特征 心理症状 机动车驾驶员 交通事故倾向性 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]