不同供氮水平对广藿香产量与品质的影响  

Effect of different nitrogen levels on yield and quality of Pogostemon cablin

作　　者：卢丽兰[1,2] 杨新全[2] 杨勇[2] 黄立标[2] 王旭东[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所海南分所,海南万宁571533

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2014年第3期702-708,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目重点项目(2011BAI01B07);海南自然科学基金项目(309131)资助

摘　　要：为探讨不同供氮水平对广藿香产量和品质的影响,采用砂培试验,研究了广藿香在3、6、12、18、24 mmol/L5种不同氮水平下(用N1、N2、N3、N4、N5表示)氮营养、生长性状、产量、挥发油含量和品质的变化。结果表明,随着供氮水平的提高,广藿香生长性状参数、氮营养、植株鲜(干)重量、挥发油含量增加,茎和叶的油分含量下降。在广藿香的茎挥发油中,N1和N2处理的12种成分含量均显著高于N4与N5。β-广藿香烯、α-愈创木烯、苦橙油醇、β-愈创木烯、反式-丁香烯、广藿香醇、广藿香酮含量以N1处理最高。刺蕊草烯、α-广藿香烯、δ-愈创木烯、β-榄香烯、异石竹烯含量在N2处理最高。在广藿香叶挥发油所测定的成分中,除了α-广藿香烯外,N1和N2处理的其他成分含量均显著高于N4与N5。β-广藿香烯、α-愈创木烯、δ-愈创木烯、β-荜澄茄烯、异石竹烯、β-愈创木烯、反式-丁香烯、广藿香醇、广藿香酮含量在N1处理最高。刺蕊草烯、α-广藿香烯、β-榄香烯含量以N2处理最高。广藿香茎和叶挥发油所测定的12种有效成分N1与N2及N4与N5处理之间无显著差异。总之提高氮水平有利于增加挥发油含量,但油分含量降低。To investigate the effect of different nitrogen levels on yield and quality of Pogostemon cablin, a sand culture experiment is used to explore changes of the patchouli nitrogen nutrition , growth traits , yield and volatile oil content and quality under 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 mmol/L nitrogen levels （N1, N2, N3, N4, N5）.The results show that the patchouli growth traits parameters , nitrogen nutrition , plant fresh and dry weight , volatile oil content are improved with the increase of the nitrogen level , however, the stem and leaf oil contents are decreased .In patchouli stem volatile oil, 12 ingredients in N1 and N2 are significantly higher than those in N 4 and N5.The contents of β-patchoulene,α-guaiene, nerolidol,β-guaiene, trans-caryophyllene , patchouli alcohol and pogostone are the highest in the N 1 treatment , while the contents of seychellene ,α-patchoulene ,δ-guaiene ,β-elemene and iso-caryophyllene are the highest in the N 2 treatment .In the leaf oil , except for α-patchoulene , the contents of other bioactive compounds of N 1 and N2 are significantly higher than those of N 4 and N5.The contents of β-patchoulene, α-guaiene, δ-guaiene, β-cubebene, iso-caryophyllene, β-guaiene, trans-caryophyllene, patchouli alcohol and pogostone are the highest in the N 1 treatment, while the contents of seychellene ,α-patchoulene and β-elemene are the highest in the N 2 treatment.The 12 ingredients of the patchouli stems and leaf volatile oil have no significant differences between N 1 and N2 or N4 and N5.In general, the increase of the nitrogen level is conducive to increasing the volatile oil content , but reducing the oil content .

关 键 词：广藿香 产量 挥发油 品质 供氮水平 

分 类 号：S567.219[农业科学—中草药栽培]