茎点霉叶斑病对红豆草产量和养分的影响  

Effects of sainfoin Phomaleaf spot on the yield and nutrition

作　　者：聂红霞[1] 李彦忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室 兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2014年第4期689-696,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：教育部博士点基金(20100211110013);全国优秀博士学位论文资助项目(201068);国家自然科学基金(31272496);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303157);国家牧草产业技术体系

摘　　要：甘肃省榆中县红豆草(Onobrychis viciifolia)上发生了一种叶片不规则退绿、变黄且增厚,发病后期叶片大量脱落的病害,严重影响红豆草的产量。本研究鉴定了其病原,评价了其对红豆草产量和营养成分的影响。红豆草发生该病后,在病叶上有红褐色点状物,经切片后可观察到叶片内有分生孢子器及分生孢子,鉴定为茎点霉(Phomasp.),但此菌在PDA培养基上无法分离培养。在田间,植株发病率为94%,病株上叶片发病率为50%。田间不分病株和健株随机采集病叶和健康叶片比较,发病的每百片叶质量增加0.5g,病叶的粗蛋白、钙、磷和粗灰分均分别显著(P<0.05)下降了28.54%、10.26%、13.64%和6.05%,包括7种家畜必需氨基酸在内的16种氨基酸的含量也显著降低,而粗脂肪和中性洗涤纤维增加160.95%和97.27%。与田间健康植株比较,病株的茎叶比增加0.46,单株干质量增加了4.4g,草产量增加了579.87kg·hm-2,病株的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维分别显著上升了7.27%和5.08%,粗灰分、总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、酪氨酸、异亮氨基酸和亮氨基酸均显著降低。与病叶脱落前的病株比较,病叶脱落后草产量减少了823.12kg·hm-2,植株中的粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗蛋白和钙分别降低48.54%、4.30%、0.34%和3.70%,氨基酸含量变化趋势与此前计算结果基本一致。由于该病发生普遍,在田间较难找到健康植株,且田间的健康植株通常弱小,发病后期病叶脱落后无法区分病株与健株,故本研究认为采用病株上叶片脱落前后的方法评定此类病害对草产量和营养成分造成的损失较为可靠。Sainfoin disease with leaf chlorosis and thickened occurred in Ymhong County, Gansu Province which severely affect sainfoin yield since most leaves defoliated pre-harves. The pathogen and effects of this disease on yield and nutrient were evaluated in the present study. Pynidia and conidiospores which identified as Phoma were easily observed on diseased leaves with reddish brown spots under microscope. However, this pathogen cannot be isolated and cultured on artificial media such as potato dextrose agar （PDA）. Disease incidence was 94o/oo in the field and 50% leave of the whole plants were infected. I,eaf weight of 100 leaves increased by 0.5 g after infected. Crude protein, calci3m, phosphorus and crude ash of diseased leaves decreased significantly （P〈0.05） by 28.54%, 10.26%, 13.64% and 6.05%, respec- tively, compared with healthy leaves. Sixteen amino acids including 7 essential amino acids for the livestock decreased significantly. Crude fat increased by 160.95 % and neutral detergent fiber （NDF） increasedby 97.27% Compared with healthy plants, most tested indices of diseased plant increased significantly such as weight increased by 4.4 g, ratio of stems to leaves increased by 0.46, NDF increased by 7.27% , acid detergent fiber （ADF） increased by 5.08% and forage yield increased by 579.87 kg · ha-1. Some tested indices of diseased plant decreased significantly such as crude ash （decreased by 12.19%）, total amino acids, essential amino acids and tyrosine, isoleucine and leucine. However, if compared with diseased plants before disease development, crude fat, crude ash, crude protein and Ca decreased by 48. 54%, 4.30%, 0.34% and 3.70%, and forage loss was 823.12 kg ·ha-1. Results of amino acids content were similar to that compared with healthy plants. The method of compare diseased plants before and after disease development was more reliable than the method of compare diseased plants and healthy plants because the disease occurred on most field plants which make it difficult to find h

关 键 词：红豆草 茎点霉叶斑病 草产量 营养成分含量 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]