中国北方两地居民对常见精神疾病知晓情况的调查  

Survey of the awareness of common mental illness among residents from two cities in northern China

作　　者：杨清艳[1] 牛雅娟[1] 杨少杰[1] 杜宝成 徐东[1] 吴承京[1] 梁红[1] 张亚利[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京回龙观医院北京心理危机研究与干预中心,世界卫生组织自杀预防研究与培训协作中心,100096

出　　处：《四川精神卫生》2014年第6期490-494,共5页Sichuan Mental Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(81101020)

摘　　要：目的了解北京市和河北省1007名城乡居民对常见精神疾病相关知识的知晓情况。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取北京市10个居委会和河北省武安市下属10个村庄的居民作为调查对象,拟调查1000人,实际调查1007人,其中城市居民503人,农村居民504人。使用"公众对自杀的态度问卷"了解城乡居民对自杀的态度及对常见精神疾病,即精神分裂症、抑郁症及酒依赖相关知识的知晓情况。结果在调查的1007人中,听说过精神分裂症、抑郁症、酒依赖的城乡居民分别为770例(76%)、677例(77%)、729例(72%)。在听说过精神分裂症的人中50%认为无助是精神分裂症的常见症状;32%认为震颤是精神分裂症的常见症状;49%认为精神分裂症通过心理治疗可以治愈。在听说过抑郁症的人中54%认为古怪行为是抑郁症的常见症状。在听说过酒依赖的人中38%认为兴趣缺乏是酒依赖的常见症状。结论北京市和河北省1007名城乡居民对常见精神疾病知识的知晓率低,需加强精神疾病知识的宣传。Objective To investigate urban and rurals＇knowledge towards common mental illnesses. Methods A multistage strat- ified random sampling method was used to identify 10 community committees in Beijing and 10 villages in Hebei Wu＇ an city sampling sites in Northern China. 1007 individuals finished the smwey, including 503 urban residents and 504 rural residents. Content of the smwey was to know the knowledge and attitudes about depression, schizophrenia and alcohol dependence among selected urban and rural commu- nity members. Results Among 1007 individuals who have heard of schizophrenia, depression, alcohol dependence were as follows ：770 （76%） ,677 （77%） ,729 （72%）. Among individuals who have heard schizophrenia, 50% considered hopelessness is a common symptom, 32% considered tremors is a common symptom, and 49% believed psychotherapy can completely resolve this problem. Among individuals who have heard depression, 54% considered strange behavior is a common symptom. Among individuals who have heard alcoholic de- pendence, 38% considered loss of interest is a common symptom. Conclusion Urban and rural residents＇ knowledge towards common mental illnesses are lack, the public education programs about common mental illnesses should be reinforced.

关 键 词：精神疾病知识 精神分裂症 抑郁症 酒依赖 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]