重载条件下PD3淬火钢轨磨损机制试验研究  

Experimental Investigation on Wear Mechanism of Heavy-haul Railway Rail made of U75V Quenched Steel

作　　者：应忠良[1] 文广[1] 何成刚[1] 刘启跃[1] 王文健[1] 王会刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学摩擦学研究所,四川成都610031

出　　处：《润滑与密封》2014年第12期58-62,共5页Lubrication Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51174282);国家重点实验室自主研究课题(TPL1301)

摘　　要：在赫兹模拟准则前提下,使用轮轨模拟试验机研究不同轴重下PD3淬火钢轨在重载和轻载工况下的滚动摩擦磨损性能。利用韦氏硬度仪、光学显微镜、SEM等分析试样试验后的硬度变化、塑性变形以及微观组织损伤等。试验结果表明:随着轴重的增加,试样磨损量大幅度增加,材料表面塑性变形更严重;试验后试样表面硬度均显著提高,且重载工况下产生了塑性变形型波磨,波峰及波谷处的硬度均高于轻载工况;重载下试样所受应力较大,内部组织破坏严重,裂纹扩展以产生二次甚至多次裂纹为主要形式,其中贯穿到表面的裂纹最终导致表面材料剥离掉落,而轻载下裂纹规整且多数以一根主裂纹形式沿着塑性变形流动方向扩展。轻载和重载下试样损伤形式均主要为滚动接触疲劳。The rolling wear behavior of U75 V quenched steel was investigated using wheel/rail simulation facility in heavy loading and light loading working conditions by changing the axle load under the premise of the Hertz simulation rules.The changes of hardness,plastic deformation and microstructure damage of the worn surface of rail specimens were analyzed by means of Vickers hardness tester,OM,SEM,etc.The results indicate that the wear loss of specimen is in-creased greatly with the increasing of axle load,and the plastic deformation of the specimen surface becomes more severe. The hardness of the specimen surface is increased remarkably after test,the corrugation is generated in the specimen sur-face at heavy loading,and the surface hardness in the peak and trough is higher than that at light loading.At heavy load-ing,the internal microstructure of the specimen is damaged seriously because of the lager stress condition,secondary even multiple cracks usually appear in the process of crack propagation,some cracks run through to the surface and eventually lead to the flaking off of surface material.At light loading,the fatigue crack usually extends along the direction of plastic flow,and the crack has no secondary crack regularly.Rolling contact fatigue is the major damage type of the specimens at light loading and heavy loading.

关 键 词：轴重 磨损量 塑性变形 波磨 裂纹扩展 

分 类 号：TH117.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]