磷酸二铵对单混种植条件下超高产大豆养分吸收和利用的影响  

Effect of Diammonium Phosphate Levels and Planting Pattern on Nutrient Uptake in Super-High-Yield Soybean Cultivars

作　　者：马兆惠[1] 车仁君 王海英[1] 张惠君[1] 谢甫绨[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2014年第23期4606-4617,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31071355;31171570);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2011BAD35B06-2);辽宁省科技厅攻关项目(2011201020)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同磷酸二铵施肥水平和单混种植处理对超高产品种辽豆14、中黄35和普通品种辽豆11植株氮、磷、钾养分含量和吸收规律的影响,比较磷酸二铵施肥量对单播和混播种植条件下大豆超高产品种和普通品种的养分吸收与利用规律。【方法】于2012和2013年在盆栽条件下,采用随机区组试验设计,苗期施入磷酸二铵,施肥量设3个水平,分别为:0 mg·kg-1干土;100 mg·kg-1干土;200 mg·kg-1干土。2个种植类型,分别为单一种植方式:各品种单播;混合种植方式:同一盆中各品种按1﹕1种植。在大豆的开花期(R2)、鼓粒中期(R6)和生理成熟期(R8)取有代表性的植株5株,按器官分开后,在105℃下杀青30 min,80℃下烘干至恒重,测定干物质重量。留小样粉碎后,用浓H2SO4-H2O2法消煮,消煮液中的氮用凯氏定氮仪(KN520)测定,磷用钼锑抗比色法测定(UV-2450),钾用火焰光度计(PEAA800)测定。【结果】品种间和种植方式间大豆植株体内的氮、磷、钾养分吸收和利用存在显著差异。开花期至成熟期超高产大豆积累更多的氮、磷、钾,并具有较高的养分利用效率和氮、磷收获指数。施肥量的增加均使超高产品种和普通品种植株养分百分含量增加,且超高产品种增幅较大。200 mg·kg-1施肥水平下,开花期超高产品种的茎秆和叶片的氮素百分含量增幅较普通品种高出66.9%和30.5%,磷素百分含量差异幅度达28.1%。鼓粒期,超高产品种和普通品种间荚皮、籽粒的磷素百分含量差异随施肥水平的增长而增加。成熟期,品种间钾素百分含量差异幅度在高肥水平下达到18.6%。在混播和施肥处理下超高产大豆的养分吸收和利用能力显著高于普通品种。随着施肥水平的提高,混播时超高产品种和普通品种的氮素利用效率下降,磷、钾收获指数均增加。混播使得超高产品种与普通品种的养分利用效率、养分收获指数的差�【Objective 】Nutrient uptake of soybean is closely related to the yield, while the response of soybean cultivars to nutrient is not the same. A pot experiment was conducted to find out the nutrient uptakes of nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P）, potassium（K） of super-high-yield soybean cultivars and the common cultivar under the treatments of different fertilizer rates and planting patterns.【Method】Two super-high-yield soybean cultivars Liaodou 14, Zhonghuang 35, and one common cultivar Liaodou 11 wereused in the pot experiment to investigate the effects of different diammonium phosphate（DAP） levels and planting patterns on soybean N, P, K accumulation and distribution in 2012 and 2013. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block experiment design with five replications. DAP was applied at seedling stage. The treatments consisted of three levels of DAP（0, 100 and 200mg·kg-1 dry soil） and two planting patterns（single seeding and mixed seeding）. At the stages of R2, R6 and R8, five plants were selected randomly for measurements. Seeds and aboveground vegetative samples were collected from all the treatments. The plant samples were dried in the oven at 105℃ for 30 min and 80℃ at least for 72 h to achieve constant weight. The plant samples were weighed, grounded and digested with H2SO4-H2O2 acid mixture method. Nitrogen content was estimated by Kjeldah（KN520） method.Phosphorus and potassium were determinated by molybdenum stibium anti（UV-2450） and flame photometer（PEAA800）,respectively. N, P, K accumulation was calculated by multiplying dry mass with N, P, K percentage contents. The nutrient use efficiency was calculated as grain yield divided by the nutrient amounts of grains. The nutrient harvest index was calculated by dividing the accumulative nutrient amounts of grains with total nutrient amounts produced by the plants. 【 Result 】 The results showed that the uptake, transportation and distribution of N, P, K varied with different cultivars and planting patterns.Su

关 键 词：大豆 养分含量 养分利用 单播 混播 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]