儿童早期语言中的“来”和“去”  

Lai(来) and qu(去) in early child speech

作　　者：纪悦[1] 杨小璐[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学外文系

出　　处：《中国语文》2015年第1期28-37,95-96,共10页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：杨小璐主持的国家社科基金一般项目"汉语儿童语言中的句法范畴与短语结构"(11BYY080);清华大学人文社科振兴基金项目"早期语言发展中的句法范畴"(2010WKYB018)的资助

摘　　要："来"和"去"描述了相对于说话者相反的位移方向,构成指示意义的对比。本研究考察儿童早期"来"和"去"的使用情况,探究其对空间指示意义的理解,并回应尚存争议的习得时序问题。通过分析一名普通话儿童(0;10-2;0)的自然语料,我们发现儿童在两岁前即已理解空间指示意义,但"来"和"去"在儿童话语中具有不对称性。研究表明单纯的指示意义不能决定习得时序,成人输人、空间上的认知和语用因素同样发挥着重要作用。Lai(来,come) and qu(去,go) denote opposite moving directions with regard to the speaker,thus forming a deictic contrast.Through the analysis of the early child use of lai and qu this paper explores the children's understanding of the deictic meaning.It also intends to offer a solution to the controversial issue on the acquisition sequence of lai and qu.We looked into the natural data of a Mandarin-speaking child(0;10-2;0).It is found that the child distinguishes the two verbs in terms of their deictic meaning before age 2.Besides,an asymmetry between lai and qu in terms of the constructions in which they appear has been noticed.This suggests that the deictic function alone cannot determine the acquisition sequence.Our study implies that adult input,cognitive and pragmatic factors also play important roles in the learning of deictic verbs.

关 键 词：来 去 指示意义 语言习得 

分 类 号：H193.1[语言文字—汉语]