人工授粉受精时间对榛子坐果率的影响  

Effects of artificial pollination and fertilization period on the fruiting rate of Corylus heterophylla

作　　者：李宁 苏淑钗[2] 陆小辉 刘姝颖 杨超 王玲 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省林业调查规划院,沈阳110122 [2]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2014年第11期2009-2013,共5页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技攻关项目(2004BA515B12);国家林业局重点项目(2011-03)

摘　　要：【目的】明确榛子的有效授粉期、有效受精期和最佳授粉受精时间,为提高榛子坐果率和发展榛子产业提供参考依据。【方法】对欧洲榛、平榛和杂交榛进行人工授粉,观察其不同授粉时间、柱头不同切除时间的坐果率,并对比分析人工授粉和自然状态下开花授粉的榛子坐果率。【结果】榛子开花后24～48 h是最有效授粉期,授粉后5～6 d是榛子完成受精的最佳时间;经人工授粉,杂交榛的坐果率最高（61.4%）,其次是平榛（坐果率56.1%）,欧洲榛坐果率最低（43.2%）;人工授粉可提高榛子坐果率,平均提高14.9%（绝对值）。【结论】进行人工授粉能有效提高榛子的坐果率,有效受精期在授粉后5～6 d,以开花后24～48 h授粉效果最佳。【Objective 】The effective pollinating period and optimal fertilization period of hazelnut were studied to improve the fruiting rate and the hazel industry. 【Method 】Artificial pollination was used on Corylu heterophylla Fisch,Corylus acellana L and Corylu heterophylla Fisch ×Corylus avellana L to observe the different pollination time and fertilization time,meanwhile fruiting rate between the natural and artificial pollination was also analyzed. 【Result 】The effective pollinating period was 24-48 h after blossom. The effective fertilization period was 5-6 d after pollinating.Through artificial pollination,the fruit rate of Corylu heterophylla Fisch ×Corylus avellana L was the highest（61.4%）.Corylus acellana L（56.1%） was the second,and Corylu heterophylla Fisch（43.2%） was the last. Then the fruiting rate could be improved to 14.9% when the artificial pollination was used. 【Conclusion 】The artificial pollination could effectively improve the fruiting rate. The effective fertilization period is 5-6 d after pollinating,and the best time to pollinate is 24-48 h after blossom.

关 键 词：榛子 坐果率 有效授粉期 有效受精期 人工授粉 

分 类 号：S664.4[农业科学—果树学]