离心压气机自循环机匣处理扩稳机理分析  

Mechanism Analysis of Stability Enhancement by Self-recirculating Casing Treatment for Centrifugal Compressor

作　　者：康剑雄[1,2] 黄国平[1] 朱俊强[2] 温殿忠[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学能源与动力学院江苏省航空动力系统重点实验室,江苏南京210016 [2]中国科学院工程热物理研究所轻型动力重点实验室,北京100190 [3]中航工业航空动力机械研究所,湖南株洲412002

出　　处：《航空学报》2014年第12期3264-3272,共9页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51206163)~~

摘　　要：自循环机匣处理能大幅提高离心压气机的稳定工作裕度,其回流的抽吸和二次注入具有明显的宏观流动特征。将主流按与二次注入流是否发生掺混分为掺混主流和无掺混主流两股流体,并将离心叶轮按导风轮和工作轮两个压缩部件对自循环机匣处理的作用机理分别进行了分析。数值模拟结果表明:回流流量、回流二次注入的预旋角以及二次注入流占用主流道流通面积的大小是自循环机匣处理扩稳的3个重要因素;二次注入流通过直接掺混和挤占流道使主流收缩加速两种方式减小了导风轮的进气攻角;机匣处理同时加大了导风轮和工作轮尖部的流通能力,抑制了导风轮的叶尖分离,改变了导风轮展向的载荷分布,在减小导风轮尖部载荷的同时提高了工作轮叶尖的做功能力,从而延缓了流动失稳的发生。Self-recirculating casing treatment is known to increase the stable operating range of centrifugal compressors.Suction and reinjection of backflow have obvious macro-flow features.The main flow can be considered as two parts.One is mixed with the backflow,and the other is not.The rotor can be seen as inducer and impeller.The casing treatment has different effects on them.Flow field simulation is carried to show that the quantity,the area,and the reinjected angle of backflow are three important factors.It is found that the reinjection of backflow can decrease angle of attack by mixing and accelerating the main flow.The casing treatment can enhance flow capacity,take away tip separation and alter span loading distribution of the rotor.With casing treatment,tip loading is decreased for inducer and the ability to do work is improved for tip region of impeller.Thus,the onset of flow instability is delayed.

关 键 词：自循环 机匣处理 抽吸 注入 失速裕度 离心压气机 

分 类 号：V231.3[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]