横向转载应对需求突变  

Managing demand disruption with lateral transshipment

作　　者：陈敬贤[1,2] 王国华[2] 梁樑[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学管理学院,合肥230026 [2]南通大学商学院,南通226019

出　　处：《管理科学学报》2014年第12期27-37,92,共12页Journal of Management Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71401082;71110107024;71301062);教育部人文社会科学基金资助项目(14YJC630009);教育部博士点基金资助项目(20123227110023)

摘　　要：研究了相互竞争的零售商利用横向转载策略来应对市场需求突变的问题.以两个相互竞争的零售商为研究对象,当突发事件造成市场需求发生突变时,零售商可以选择横向转载策略来应对突变需求,建立了无突变无转载、有突变无转载和有突变有转载三种情形下两零售商的非合作博弈模型,给出了博弈存在唯一纯战略纳什均衡的充分条件,证明了对称性博弈的纯战略纳什均衡解是唯一存在的,并分析了零售商在三个纳什均衡战略下的定价和安全库存的关系.进一步分析了均衡战略与零售商竞争强度系数的单调关系,并给出了横向转载策略有效应对随机需求突变的条件及其理论证据.数值算例则从计算仿真的角度对研究结论进行了验证.研究结果表明,对于相互竞争的零售商而言,利用横向转载来应对需求突变是十分有益的,零售商的期望利润在一定条件下由于横向转载的实施而实现了帕累托改进.但较低的转载价格可能会使得零售商没有激励选择横向转载策略.因而,合理确定转载价格则是利用横向转载策略应对需求突变的关键问题.这一结论为企业实施有效的应急管理措施提供理论支持.This paper studied the value of lateral transshipment policy between two competitive retailers underdemand disruption environment. Considered two retailers competing for selling homogeneous products,we assumed that retailers can use inventory pooling strategy to mitigate customer demand risks when demands are disrupted. Thus,three non-cooperative game models are established： no disruption and no transshipment case（ NDNT）,with disruption and no transshipment case（ WDNT）,and with disruption and with transshipment case（ WDWT）. Through a contraction mapping theory,we developed sufficient conditions for the Nash equilibrium to be existent and unique. We proved that each game of the three cases has a single pure strategy Nash equilibrium at symmetric configuration. Furthermore,we analyzed properties of the equilibrium and compared it with the other one. We also analyzed the monotone relationships of the competition degree parameters to the equilibriums based on solutions of partial derivatives equations and developed sufficient conditions that the transshipment policy is beneficial to the retailers. Through computation and simulation of a numerical example,we verified these conclusions. It is shown that retailers are always benefited from lateral transshipment when demands are disrupted because expected revenue will realize Pareto improvement after transshipment.However,relatively low transshipment prices will make retailers hurt by transshipment. Therefore,transshipment price configuration plays a key role in managing demand disruptions with transshipment. The results will provide theoretical supports for entities regarding disruption management.

关 键 词：供应链管理 突变管理 横向转载 需求突变 

分 类 号：F273[经济管理—企业管理]