几种因子对马尼拉侧沟茧蜂寄生效能的影响  

Effect of several factors on the efficiency of Microplitis manilae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

作　　者：方祝红[1] 吴天德[1] 许再福[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院昆虫学系,广州510640

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2014年第6期990-996,共7页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB127600);国家自然科学基金项目(31071733)

摘　　要：马尼拉侧沟茧蜂Microplitis manilae是斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura的一种重要幼虫寄生蜂。本文以斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫为寄主,在26±1℃、RH 65%±5%、L∶D=12∶12的人工气候箱内,研究生殖方式、雌蜂日龄、寄生时间段、雄蜂出现与否以及雄蜂密度等因子对其寄生效能的影响。结果表明:马尼拉侧沟茧蜂可营产雄孤雌生殖和两性生殖两种生殖方式,两种方式在亲代寄生率、子代羽化率和发育历期均无显著差异。随着雌蜂日龄的增加,其寄生率和子代性比显著降低,但子代发育历期随雌蜂日龄的增加而延长。马尼拉侧沟茧蜂在12∶00-18∶00时间段的寄生率、子代羽化率和性比最高,子代发育历期最短。当寄生蜂密度一定时,子代性比随着寄主密度的增加而显著增加;当寄主密度一定时,子代性比随着寄生蜂密度的增加而显著下降;雄蜂在场时,子代性比显著高于无雄蜂在场时。子代性比随着亲代雄蜂密度的增加而显著降低,但雄蜂密度对亲代寄生率,子代羽化率、发育历期无显著影响。Microplitis manilae Ashmead was an important parasitoid of the larvae of Spodoptera litura （Fabricius）. Under laboratory conditions of （26 ±1 ） ℃, RH （65 ± 5） % and photoperiod 12 h ： 12 h, the effect of reproductive mode, female age, parasitic period, the presence of male and density on the efficiency of M. manilae were evaluated. The result showed that M. manilae employed both parthenogenesis and bisexual reproduction, and the parasitic rate had no significant difference between both reproductive modes, as well as progeny development duration and emergence rate. The parasitic rate and progeny sex ratio significantly decreased in older female adult, while the offspring development duration significantly increased. When parasitism occurring at 12 ： 00 - 18 ： 00pro, the highest parasitic rate, progeny sex ratio and emergence rate, as well as the shortest progeny development duration were observed. The progeny sex ratio tended to increase obviously with increased host density, but decreased obviously with increased parasitoid density. The presence of male parasitoids significantly increased the proportion of female progeny. The progeny sex ratio decreased obviously with increased male density, but male density had no significant influence on parasitic rate, progeny development duration and emergence rate.

关 键 词：马尼拉侧沟茧蜂 斜纹夜蛾 生殖方式 雌蜂日龄 寄生时间段 雄蜂在场 寄生效能 

分 类 号：Q965[生物学—昆虫学] S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]