草原煤矿排土场2种常用生物工程措施植被恢复效果评价  

Evaluation for Effectiveness of Vegetation Restoration of Two Kinds of Bio-engineering Measures commonly Used in Mine Dump in Grassland

作　　者：高迪[1,2] 王占义[1] 陈国清[1] 王亮[1] 陈丽丽[1] 王明玖[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,呼和浩特010019 [2]山东省淄博市高青县检验检测中心,山东淄博256300

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2014年第6期260-264,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技创新引导奖励资金计划"煤矿开采区生态修复技术研究与示范--锡林郭勒草原煤矿区植被重建;生态修复关键技术研究与示范"(20121604);内蒙古农业大学博士科研启动项目(BJ2013C-3)

摘　　要：以锡林郭勒草原乌兰图嘎煤矿排土场为主要研究对象，通过对生物笆与沙障2种不同治理措施下的土壤状况（温度、湿度、有机质、pH值）和植被状况（种类组成、密度、盖度）的测定与分析，对其植被恢复效果进行了评价。初步分析表明，生物笆区的表土温度比沙障区低2～5℃，生物笆具有遮阴性；生物笆区的表土湿度比沙障区增加0．60％～1％，生物笆具有增湿性。在措施实施5a后，生物笆区的表土有机质比沙障区增加了2～5．80g／kg。在整个植物群落中，多年生草本所占植物种类总数的比例，生物笆区比沙障区多13．84％；生物笆区以多年生植物的重要值较大并占有绝对优势，沙障区以一年生植物占优势；生物笆区的植被平均密度比沙障区多2．60株／m^2，盖度大18．50％。在锡林郭勒草原矿区目前常用的生物笆（单网格20cm×20cm）治理措施比沙障（行距30cm，株距10cm）更有利于植被恢复。The dump of Wulantuga coal mine in Xilin Gol Grassland was taken as the research site, the vegeta- tion restoration effectiveness of bio-fence and sand barrier fence was evaluated by analyzing the soil properties （temperature, humidity, organic matter, and pH value） and vegetation parameters （plant species, density, and coverage）. Preliminary analysis indicated that top soil temperature in the biological fence areas was 2 5℃ which was lower than in the sand barrier zone. Bio-fence could protect the plants by shading. Topsoil moisture in bio-fence areas increased by 0.6% ～ 1% compared with the sand barrier areas. Bio-fence could help increase the humidity. Organic matter of topsoil in bio-fence areas increased by 2～5.80 g/kg compared with the sand barrier areas after 5 years of measures implementation. In the plant communities, the propor- tion of perennial herbaceous plant species was 13.84% more than that in the sand barrier fence zone. The av- erage density of plant and total cover of vegetation in bio-fence areas were 2.60 m^2 and 18.50% higher than those in the sand barrier areas, respectively. The effectiverness of vegetation restoration for bio-fence （with a single grid of 20 cm×20 cm） currently used in the coal mine of Xilin Gol Grassland was better than for the sand barrier （line space of 30 cm× 10 cm）.

关 键 词：煤矿 排土场 生物笆 沙障 土壤 植被恢复 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]