西藏城镇化及其环境效应研究  

Research on Urbanization in Tibet and Its Environmental Impact

作　　者：李秋秋[1,2] 王传胜[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国软科学》2014年第12期70-78,共9页China Soft Science

基　　金：中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-06-01-03);国家自然科学基金(41171109)

摘　　要：由于独特的自然环境与历史条件,西藏自治区城镇化与进程缓慢,城镇主要集中在条件相对优越的河谷地区,空间分布呈现"大分散、小集中"趋势,城镇人口的增长主要来自区外人口而本地非农化的贡献较弱,产业集聚与人口规模过小也是西藏城镇化建设的难点。在城镇发展过程中,由于能源利用结构改善与城镇环保设施建设,本区资源环境压力得以缓解,但城镇化建设也带来了一些生态环境隐患,如机动车快速增长、城市污水与垃圾处理设施不足、城镇水源地污染及其管理缺位、城市扩张侵占湿地等问题。今后,西藏应注重中心城镇与小城镇的共同发展,推动农牧民"非农化"进程与城镇自身发展,积极防治城镇环境污染,建设生态型城镇和国家生态安全屏障。For its unique natural environment and historical condition,the urbanization process in Tibet Autonomous Region is slow. For a long time,cities and towns mainly concentrate in alleys where conditions are relatively superior,showing a tendency of ＂generally centralize,locally decentralize ＂ in spatial distribution. In the growth of urban population,the population from outside Tibet becomes the main strength while rural population has a miner contribution.And urban areas in Tibet also face a difficulty that cities and towns unable to absorb the excessive labor forces from rural area because of the weak economic function and the small population capacity. In the process of urbanization,residents＇ living quality and environment have greatly improved,and to some extent,the pressure of resources and environment has also been relieved. However the urbanization progress has also brought some ecological problems： rapid increase of vehicles,shortage of sewage and garbage disposal facilities,pollution in urban water sources and the absence of administer the encroachment of urban land on wetlands and some other issues. Authors suggest that： first,Tibet should take both the development of central cities and small towns seriously; second,promote native farmers＇ urbanization by help peasants to live in and work at urban areas; third,establish characteristic supporting industry to boost the economic development and urban construction; fourth,prevent and govern urban environmental pollution actively to construct ecological cities and towns and a national ecological security barrier.

关 键 词：城镇化 可持续发展 环境效应 西藏 

分 类 号：F207[经济管理—国民经济]