诺贝尔物理学奖获得者中师承效应量化研究  

Quantitative Research on the Effects of Accomplished Teachers on Nobel Prize Winners in Physics

作　　者：张志强[1] 门伟莉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州文献情报中心,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100190

出　　处：《情报学报》2014年第9期926-935,共10页Journal of the China Society for Scientific and Technical Information

摘　　要：研究杰出科技创新人才的培养、成才规律对完善人才培养机制、促进人才培养具有重要意义。对1901—2012年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者中的师承效应量化研究发现，是否有诺奖得主指导与未来获奖者“研究工作属性”的关系不显著，但与未来获奖者“最高学位获得年龄”、“成果年龄”和“获奖年龄”之间显著负相关。“师生关系步长”与未来获奖者各项指标在0．01水平上显著相关：师承效应每延长一代，未来获奖者“最高学位获得年龄”、“成果年龄”和“获奖年龄”分别降低0．274岁、2．557岁和2．892岁。该定量分析凸显了名师在创新人才成长中的重要性：一位杰出的科研导师，可显著缩短其研究生接受新知识、做出重大创新成果、获得学术认可时所需的时间。By studying on effects of accomplished teacher in Nobel prize winners between 1901 and 2012, we discovered that whether or not under a Nobel laureate tutor is not significant correlated with the attribute of the research works of the future prize winner, but significantly negative correlated with the age of the prize obtained, the age of highest educational degree obtained and the age of the research discovery obtained of the future Nobel laureate. After further research, we confirmed that the length of relationship between the students and their tutors in Nobel prize winners （ Length （T-S） in short） and the four primary indicators above are highly correlated on O. 01 level As for the first indicator,the correlation is 0. 170, a high positivecorrelation. For the last three （the age of the prize obtained, the age of highest educational degree obtained and the age of the research discovery obtained of the future laureate ）, the figures would decrease 0. 274 years,2. 557 years and 2. 892 years respectively with every extension of Length（T-S） . In a word,with the guide of an accomplished tutor, the future Nobel laureates could get their highest diploma ,their great research achievements and the Nobel prize for less time.

关 键 词：诺贝尔物理学奖获得者 成果年龄 获奖年龄 最高学位获得年龄 师生关系链 师生关系步长 名师效应 

分 类 号：G350[文化科学—情报学]