玉米秸秆不同保质贮存方法的研究  

Improving the storage of corn stalk by varying the ways of treatments

作　　者：郝科慧[1] 王润娟[1] 张书廷[1] 吕学斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2014年第6期215-218,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：为了降低玉米秸秆在贮存过程中微生物对其营养物质的消耗量及其木质纤维化程度,研究了玉米秸秆在冷藏及添加甲酸或乙二醇的贮存条件下,其p H值、可溶性糖(WSC)质量比、纤维素质量比、半纤维素质量比、木质素质量比的变化规律,分析不同处理方法的保质效果,并确定最佳保质贮存方法。结果表明,冷藏处理、添加甲酸或乙二醇均能在不同程度上降低玉米秸秆的营养物质消耗量,抑制其木质纤维化。乙二醇处理后的玉米秸秆,p H值迅速降低,其WSC质量比、半纤维素质量比、纤维素质量比和木质素质量比分别为9.56 g/100 g DM、14.12 g/100 g DM、34.60g/100 g DM和10.13 g/100 g DM,与不做任何物理或化学处理的保质方法(对照组)相比,WSC质量比、半纤维质量比分别提高了524.84%、35.77%,纤维素质量比、木质素质量比分别降低了9.03%、37.74%,保存了更多的营养物质,较大程度地降低了秸秆的木质纤维化程度,有利于后续水解处理和厌氧发酵。The nature of improving the storage of corn stalk is to increase ways to transform it into biogas in a more variety of ways. However, for the time being, what we can do for the time being is limited to degrade it into microorganisms and to increase lignification degree. Seeing the problem, we have done an investigation on how to varify the different silage treatments of refrigeration, formic acid and glycol, in hoping to reduce the degradation and lignification of the nutriment of corn stalk. In so doing, we have studied problems like the pH value, the soluble sugar mass ratio, cellulose mass ratio, hemicellulose mass ratio and lignin mass ratio during the three silage treatments so as to optimize the silage treatment. The results of our study have shown that it would be possible to reduce the consumption of nutriment and restrain the lignification degree of the corn stalk to some extent through silage treating with refrigeration and increasing additives like formic acid or glycol, which helps to get the the best results in quick reducing of the pH value and the storage system, whereas it is possible to increase its mass ratios of soluble sugar, hemiceUulose, cellulose and lignin respectively to 9.56 g/100 g DM, 14.12 g/100 g DM, 34.60 g/100 g DM and 10.13 g/100 g DM after treatment. As compared with the ensilage with no physical or chemical treatment as shown in the contrast group, the mass ratios of soluble sugar and hemicellulose in the storage system were found increased by 524.28 % and 35.77 %, respectively, whereas those of cellulose and lignin were decreased by 9.03 % and 37.74 %. Thus, it can be concluded that the silage treatment of glycol can prevent more substrate from being degraded by microorganisms and in turn reduce the lignification degree of the corn stalk. And, therefore, it has become a preferable treating method both beneficial for the subsequent processes of hydrolysis and the anaerobic fermentation.

关 键 词：环境工程学 玉米秸秆保质贮存 冷藏 甲酸 乙二醇 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]