客体工作记忆的保持对时距知觉的影响  

The Impact of Retaining Object Working Memory on Time Perception

作　　者：毕翠华[1,2] 黄希庭[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部,认知与人格教育部重点实验室,重庆400715 [2]四川师范大学教育科学学院,成都610068

出　　处：《心理科学》2015年第1期35-41,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：西南大学心理学部2012研究团队建设项目“时间分段综合模型的机制与应用”(TR201201-1);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“工作记忆影响时间知觉的认知和神经机制”(SWU1409244)的资助

摘　　要：初步探讨客体信息的保持对时间知觉的影响。实验1采用工作记忆和时间判断(采用两分法)的双任务范式,操纵记忆负荷、记忆任务与时间任务之间的时间间隔(ISI),结果发现ISI越短,主观相等点右移,知觉的时间变长;ISI短时,低负荷的反应时低于高负荷的反应时。实验2仅要求完成时间判断任务,并增加了更短的ISI,发现主观相等点和反应时间都受到知觉负荷和ISI交互作用的影响。结果说明,时间知觉受到记忆负荷和信息保持时间的共同影响,这种影响与工作记忆资源的调节有关。Nontemporal information processing involving short-term memory requirements disturbs time estimation. Previous studies mostly used letters or digits, which were maintained in short-term memory by phonological loops. Since verbal information and nonverbal information are processed by separate working-memory subsystems, how do nonverbal, object-based memory tasks affect time estimation？ Our prior study adopted nonverbal objects as memory materials, and found that the perceived time increased with the increase of memory-object size under both the active processing and the passive retention conditions; the perceived time interval did not significantly differ between the two experimental conditions. This result suggests that the estimated duration is also affected by maintenance of memory items when retention processing requires more mental resources. Since some research suggests that two distinct timing mechanisms are involved in temporal information processing in the range of milliseconds and longer durations, what is the relationship between retaining working memory information and perceived duration in the milliseconds range？ Several researches found that the duration discrimination of brief intervals was not affected by either the maintenance or the elaborate rehearsal of verbal information. Based on these distinct effects of retention of verbal information and object information on timing in the range of seconds, we further investigated whether retention of object information into working memory could affect time judgment in the range of milliseconds. This study employed a dual task paradigm combing time bisection task and working memory to explore the effect of retention of WM content on time judgment. We used abstract figures as memory materials, which were difficult to be encoded by any verbalizable pattern. Participants first memorized two or four objects, and at the end of each trial, indicated whether a test item was the same as or different from the memorized items. During the delay period, they per

关 键 词：客体图形 保持过程 时间知觉 工作记忆 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]