流畅性对再认的影响：实验证据及理论解释  

Effects of Fluency on Recognition: Experiment Evidence and Theory Explanation

作　　者：李兵兵[1] 郭春彦[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学心理系,北京市“学习与认知”重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《心理科学》2015年第1期68-74,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31271078);北京市教委科技计划重点项目(KZ201410028034)的资助

摘　　要：流畅性可以影响再认,而且仅影响熟悉性加工的观点已得到大量研究的证实。近年一些研究者采用掩蔽启动范式并结合修改的R/K范式、独立判断的R/K范式等实验范式,操控测验项目的流畅性,发现流畅性影响的可能是猜测或者回想加工,因而质疑这个结论。为解释流畅性对再认的影响,流畅性归因理论侧重对流畅性的归因、冲突-归因理论侧重期待流畅性和实际流畅性之间的冲突、预激活-适应模型侧重启动刺激引起的神经活动激活或适应、线索-学习理论侧重流畅性线索的有效性。未来研究应关注流畅性对来源和联结记忆的影响,并考察流畅性对再认的影响在不同年龄人群或遗忘症人群中的表现是否一致。The influence of fluency on recognition memory has been widely investigated in the past 30 years. Numerous studies have found that people tend to endorse more old responses to items that are more fluent. Researchers have posited fluency attribution theory, discrepancy-attribution theory, perceptual fluency-disfluency approach, and cue-learning approach to explain how fluency may affect recognition memory. However, an integrated theory has not been provided yet. Earlier studies, using old/new test paradigms, revealed that both perceptual and conceptual fluency influenced subjects＇ recognition performance. Studies applying binary the R/K judgment paradigm found that fluency selectively influenced familiarity but not recollection, which has been used as strong evidence to support the dual-processing theory of recognition memory. Raj arm （1993） investigated the influence of fluency on recognition with the Jacoby and Whitehouse paradigm using the R/K procedure and she found that the increase of fluency only increased K judgment but had no effect on R judgment. Later, she presented a semantic-related or semantic-unrelated word before the tested word to investigated the influence of conceptual fluency on R/K judgment and found that the increase of conceptual fluency only affected K judgment but not R judgment （Rajaram ＆ Geraci, 2000）. However, recent studies using the independent R/K paradigm （see Higham ＆ Vokey, 2004） with the Jacoby and Whitehouse paradigm found that fluency influenced both familiarity and recollection, which shed doubts on the results of previous research. Taylor and Henson （2012） found that conceptual fluency selectively influenced recollection but not familiarity under some circumstances. Some studies even found that fluency affected guessing, which is implicit memory, but not familiarity or recollection, which is explicit memory. Further studies are still needed to explore the situations in which fluency selectively may affect familiarity, recollection and implicit guessing

关 键 词：知觉流畅性 概念流畅性 熟悉性 回想 

分 类 号：B842.2[哲学宗教—基础心理学]