语言转换的认知及其神经机制  

The Cognitive and Neural Mechanism of Language Switch

作　　者：刘欢欢[1] 陈宝国[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院,应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学》2015年第1期98-103,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(11BYY039);应用实验心理北京市重点实验室和教育部新世纪优秀人才(NECT-11-0028)项目的资助

摘　　要：语言转换是双语研究领域的焦点问题之一,抑制控制模型、语言特异性选择模型、任务设置惯性模型和序列难度效应模型从不同的角度解释了语言转换的认知机制。认知神经科学的一些研究发现,语言转换与任务转换具有类似的神经机制,说明语言转换代价与任务转换代价的本质可能是相同的。抑制控制和语言熟练程度如何影响语言的转换,语言转换代价与任务转换代价的本质是否相同,一般领域的抑制机制是否可以迁移到语言转换领域等问题是未来需要进一步研究的问题。The asymmetry of language switch cost has been the focus in the field of language switch. Previous studies furred that the switching cost is symmetrical in proficient bilinguals, but asymmetrical in non-proficient bilinguals. Therefore, some researchers augured that language switch cost is affected by L2 proficiency. However, others proposed that inhibitory control is the real cause of the language switch cost. In short, many models have been proposed to explain this linguistic phenomenon from different perspectives. The inhibitory control model and the language-specific selection model are the two classical theories. The former holds that lexical selection in the two languages are realized through the practice of inhibition, the degree of inhibition leads to symmetrical or asymmetrical language switch cost. On the contrary, the latter insists that the language switch cost is modulated by L2 proficiency. In addition, other models attempt to explain the two classical theories from different angles. The task-set Inertia model is consistent with the inhibitory control model, both of which claim that inhibitory control plays a key role in language switch. Furthermore, the sequential difficulty effect model emphasizes language proficiency, which is in line with the language-specific selection model. Therefore, no agreement has been reached yet on the asymmetry of language switch cost. Cognitive neuroscience studies on inhibitory control and L2 proficiency have revealed the neural mechanisms of language switch. The fMRI studies on less proficient bilinguals have shown that language switch can activate the right prefrontal cortex （rPFC）, which reflects the role of inhibitory control, indicating that less proficient bilinguals need to rely on inhibitory mechanism to complete language switch successfully, and need to support the inhibitory control model. Nevertheless, some studies on proficient bilinguals found that rPFC was not activated. So they believed that language proficiency may modulate the symmetry of langu

关 键 词：语言转换代价 抑制 熟练程度 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]