影响超重和肥胖少年锻炼阶段转变的心理因素研究:基于阶段变化理论  

Psychological Factors Influencing Exercise Stage Transition of Overweight and Obesity Childhood Based on Stage Change Theory

作　　者：陈福亮[1,2] 杨剑[1,2] 季浏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学青少年健康评价与运动干预教育部重点实验室,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2015年第1期96-100,共5页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：上海市青少年POWER工程协同创新中心资助项目(44801400)

摘　　要：超重和肥胖危害少年学生的身心健康,基于阶段变化理论,探究影响超重和肥胖少年锻炼阶段转变的心理因素,以期达到制定干预对策、促进超重和肥胖少年参加锻炼的目的。研究结果表明,均衡决策和强化管理是影响超重和肥胖少年从前预期阶段转向预期阶段的心理因素,均衡决策、意识提高、互助关系是影响预期转向准备阶段的心理因素,自我效能、环境再评价、社会解放、互助关系是影响准备转向行动阶段的心理因素,自我再评价、自我释放、刺激控制、反条件化是影响行动转向维持阶段的心理因素。建议向前预期阶段的超重和肥胖少年阐述锻炼产生的身心效益,建立参与锻炼奖励制度;为预期阶段的超重和肥胖少年提供多元的实质性帮助和精神性支持;充分肯定准备阶段的超重和肥胖少年继续锻炼的自信心;引导行动阶段的超重和肥胖少年正向肯定和积极评价自己的锻炼行为,提醒维持阶段的超重和肥胖少年切勿中断锻炼,谨防锻炼阶段下滑。Overweight and obesity have negative effects on physical and psychological health. In this paper, researches were made into psychological factors influencing exercise stage transition of overweight and obesity childhood based on stage change theory in order to design intervention programs and promote them to exercise. Results of this study indicated that balanced decision and reinforcement management influenced greatly the change from pre-contemplation stage to the contemplation stage for overweight and ohesity childhood. Balanced decision, consciousness raising and helping relation- ship influenced the change from contemplation stage to preparation stage. Self-efficacy, environmental reevaluation, social liberation and helping relationship influenced the change from preparation stage to action stage. Self-reevaluation, self-lib- eration, stimulus control and counter-conditioning influenced the change from action stage to maintenance stage. It sug- gested that interpret physical and psychological benefits o{ exercise and supply rewards to childhood in pre-contemplation stage should be encouraged. Multiple supports for childhood in contemplation stage, affirmation for their confidence in preparation stage, guidance in action stage to evaluate exercise participation, and reinforcement in maintenance stage were important.

关 键 词：心理因素 阶段变化理论 超重 肥胖 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]