低轨凝视卫星动态跟踪对成像的影响分析  

Analysis of influence of LEO staring satellite dynamic tracking on imaging

作　　者：杨秀彬[1] 林星辰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所小卫星技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2014年第B12期203-208,共6页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：吉林省青年基金项目(201201010)

摘　　要：为实现凝视卫星动态跟踪清晰成像,建立了卫星对地实时跟踪成像的数学模型,推导了卫星凝视跟踪成像时本体坐标系相对轨道坐标系的姿态角和角速度的变化,设计了物像位置与速度矢量映射算法,搭建了焦平面像点与地面景物点位置与速度变化的一一对应关系,结合蒙特卡洛方法统计分析了动态跟踪成像过程中卫星的姿态变化及姿态动态跟踪精度对成像的影响。最后,利用CMOS相机和小卫星姿态控制系统全物理仿真平台对凝视成像进行了仿真分析。结果表明:卫星凝视成像过程中,像面存在卫星姿态变化及姿态动态跟踪精度引起的像在探测元上的驻留时间小于探测器的积分时间,分析及仿真得出,为满足驻留时间大于或等于积分时间的要求,仿真平台动态跟踪精度优于0.002(°)/s时,可实现500 km凝视卫星2 m分辨率动态跟踪清晰成像。In order to achieve a clear dynamic staring imaging, the imaging model of satellite real-time imaging to track the target was designed, body posture angular velocity relative orbital coordinate system were designed when satellite staring imaging, the coordinate transformation method was used to real-time compute the time of the line transfer process in the gazing, the method of Monte Carlo was used to statistical calculate the influence of imaging under the satellite ＇s attitude point precision and stability in the mode of staring-imaging. Finally, the CMOS prototype and the minitype three-axis air bearing table constructed for attitude control were used to simulate the digital domain CMOS staring imaging.The results show that in the satellite staring imaging process, the integration time in the image plane which caused by satellite attitude change and attitude dynamic tracking is greater than the accuracy of the detector, analysis and simulation results show, in order to meet shift of less than or equal to the detection element size requirements, simulation platform dynamic tracking accuracy better than 0.002（ °）/s, can achieve satellite getting 2 m clear resolution dynamic imaging in 500 km.

关 键 词：CMOS 凝视 MTF 信噪比 

分 类 号：TP386.5[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]