双免耕覆盖对旱地作物产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Double No-tillage with Mulch on Crop Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Dry Land

作　　者：李俊红[1,2] 丁志强[1,2] 杨妮娜 姚宇卿[1,2] 吕军杰 张洁[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]洛阳农林科学院,河南洛阳471023 [2]中国农业科学院洛阳旱农试验基地,河南洛阳471023 [3]洛阳市饲料兽药(动物产品)质量检测中心,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2014年第12期65-68,共4页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD88B02-04);农业部948项目(2010-Z21)

摘　　要：为探索双免耕覆盖对旱地一年两熟下小麦和玉米的增产效应,探讨了双免耕覆盖对旱地小麦、玉米一年两熟制下土壤水分含量、作物水分利用效率、降水利用率和产量的影响。结果表明,双免耕覆盖下小麦、玉米不同生育时期土壤含水量总体均高于传统耕作处理,2008-2009年和2009-2010年小麦生育期内0~100、100~200cm土壤含水量分别较传统耕作处理高8.4%、12.2%和3.4%、8.2%;2009和2010年玉米生育期内0~100、100~200cm土壤含水量分别较传统耕作处理高10.6%、10.6%和7.8%、5.9%。2008-2009年和2009-2010年双免耕覆盖下作物产量、水分利用效率、降水利用率均极显著高于传统耕作处理,分别提高10.6%和11.1%、17.4%和12.2%、10.3%和11.0%。从产量构成因素来看,双免耕覆盖有利于提高小麦穗数和玉米穗粒数。综上,双免耕覆盖有利于提高土壤含水量、作物水分利用效率和降水利用率,进而有利于提高小麦穗数和玉米穗粒数,最终提高作物产量。This paper studied the effect of double no-tillage with mulch（DNTM）on soil water content,water use efficiency,precipitation use efficiency and yield of wheat,corn under doublecropping system in dry land.The results indicated that soil water content of DNTM treatment was higher than that of conventional tillage（CT）treatment at all growth stages of wheat and corn.At growth period of wheat,soil water content of DNTM treatment increased by 8.4% and12.2%respectively in 0-100 cm and 100-200 cm soil layer in 2008-2009,which increased by3.4% and 8.2%in 2009-2010;at growth period of corn,soil water content increased by 10.6%both in 0-100 cm and 100-200 cm soil layer in 2009,which increased by 7.8% and 5.9% in2010.DNTM could significantly increase the yield,water use efficiency and precipitation use efficiency compared with the CT in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010,which increased by 10.6% and11.1%,17.4% and 12.2%,10.3%and 11.0%.The increase of yield resulted from the increase of ear number of wheat and grain number per ear of corn.Overall,DNTM could increase soil water content,water use efficiency and precipitation use efficiency,so as to improve the ear number of wheat and grain number per ear of corn,and finally improve the wheat and corn yield.

关 键 词：旱地 双免耕覆盖 小麦 玉米 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S512