玉米/大豆间作中大豆根系生长及氮磷养分吸收的特点  

Characteristics of Maize/Soybean Intercropping System about Root Traits and Absorption of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrient

作　　者：尹元萍[1] 张雅琼[2] 申毓晗[3] 赵志勇 谢世清[5] 杨生超[5] 梁泉[5] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资环学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南中医学院,云南昆明650500 [3]重庆大学城市科技学院,重庆永川402167 [4]蒙自市种子管理站,云南蒙自661100 [5]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院/云南省优势中药材规范化种植工程研究中心,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2014年第6期2305-2310,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"大豆根构型近等基因系构建及相关基因克隆"(31360497);云天化集团.云南农业大学研究开发基金(YF2011-011)

摘　　要：设计大豆与玉米3种行比的间作,在红壤田间条件下研究大豆根系性状、氮、磷养分吸收特点和叶绿素值的变化,为探索玉米/大豆科学、合理间作促进氮磷等养分吸收利用的生理机制提供依据。结果表明,大豆/玉米间作系统中2种作物根系存在显著的互作。与净种相比,间作大豆的生长在苗期受到的抑制作用显著,表现在根总长、根总表面积、根平均直径、根体积和根干重降低,根冠比提高;进入花期后,抑制作用减弱;生物量随行比增加而提高。间作条件下大豆氮、磷总量减少,吸收效率降低,而利用效率升高。间作的玉米吸收的氮、磷超过净种时的吸收量,氮增加30%～44%,磷增加14%～16%。对间作而言,小行比大豆植株氮、磷吸收量先升后降,大行比反之。从间作的大豆根系性状及氮、磷营养高效利用等方面进行综合比较和分析,在本试验条件下玉米/大豆间作以2∶4的行比较为适宜。In this study,three kinds of soybean and maize intercropping ratio were used in red soil field,and the root traits of soybean,and the change of nutrient uptake values about nitrogen,phosphorus and chlorophyll were tested for exploring the absorption and utilization physiological mechanism of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus and so on. The results showed that the roots of two crops had significant interaction in soybean / corn intercropping system. Compared with net treatment,the growths of soybean were significant inhibited in the seedling stage of intercropping treatments which showed in the decrease of total root length,total root surface area,root diameter,root volume and root dry weight,and in the increase of root / shoot ratio,but the inhibiting effect decreased in the flowering stage,and the biomass of soybean increased with increasing the corn / soybean ratio. At the condition of intercropping,total nitrogen and total phosphorus of soybean decreased,and absorption efficiency reduced,but utilization efficiency increased. The total nitrogen and total phosphorus of intercropping maize were more than sole cropping,and nitrogen increased by 30 %- 44 %,and phosphorus was increased by 14 %- 16 %. The total nitrogen and total phosphorus in soybean were first raised then decreased when at the small corn / soybean ratio,but they first decreased then rose when at the big corn / soybean ratio. Comprehensive comparison and analysis from the aspects of root traits and nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of intercropping soybean under the experimental conditions,the appropriate corn / soybean ratio was 2∶ 4.

关 键 词：大豆/玉米 间作 根系性状 氮 磷 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.1