春秋时期谥法的流行及其人物品评性质  

The Prevalence of Posthumous Law and the Characters of Figure Evaluation in the Spring and Autumn Period

作　　者：孙董霞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州文理学院文学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《天水师范学院学报》2014年第6期24-28,共5页Journal of Tianshui Normal University

摘　　要：春秋时期,谥法制度大为流行。其与这一时期人物品评活动的兴盛有密切关系。春秋谥法是一种特殊的人物品评方式。谥号是对人的一生进行盖棺论定的总结性评价。谥法的产生有两个原因,一是对于死者的禁忌;二是祖先崇拜和祖先祭祀。谥法在西周已经产生。周公制礼作乐应当已包括制谥,但周公制谥只涉及美谥。成熟的谥法制度的确立应该是在厉王之后。谥法制度由周公首创,经过从"美谥"到"恶谥"的发展,最终经受住政治权力的影响而被推行,在春秋时期成为人们自觉遵守的文化制度。The posthumous law system was popular in the spring and Autumn period. There was a close relationship between the prosperous of figure evaluation and the popular of posthumous law. The posthumous law was a special figure evaluation mode. The posthumous title was a summary evaluation on human life. Posthumous law derived from two reasons： one was for the taboo; two was the ancestor worship. Posthumous law had produced in the Western Zhou dynasty. The Duke of Zhou making ritual and music should include making posthumous law, but the posthumous law made by the Duke of Zhou only related to praise. Mature posthumous law system should established after the Zhou li king. Posthumous law system first composed by the Duke of Zhou, through the development from ＂ praise style＂ to ＂Criticism style＂, finally withstood the influence from political power and implemented, and become the cultural system abide by people consciously in the spring and autumn period.

关 键 词：春秋 谥法 人物品评 美谥 恶谥 文化制度 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]