户外活动对中小学生视力的保护效果评价  

Protective effect of increasing time spent outdoors on vision change among elementary and secondary school students

作　　者：金菊香[1] 伍晓艳[1] 万宇辉[1] 刘红丽 张杰铮 姜旋[3] 华文娟 高国朋[4] 方云[1] 裴晨璐 王松[5] 陶芳标 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,合肥230032 [2]沈阳市苏家屯区教育局 [3]沈阳市苏家屯区中小学卫生保健所 [4]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学 [5]安徽医科大学第二附属医院眼科 [6]安徽人口健康与优生省级重点实验室

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2014年第12期1776-1779,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：2012年度卫生公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201202010)

摘　　要：目的探讨增加户外活动时间对中小学生视力发展的影响,为青少年近视防控提供参考。方法随机选取沈阳市苏家屯区城乡中学、小学各1所,整群抽取中学七∽八年级、小学一∽五年级的所有在校生为干预组（1 735人纳入研究）,再选取地理位置临近、课业负担相当的城乡中学、小学各1所为对照组（1 316人纳入研究）。干预组采取学习日上下午各增加1个30 min室外活动的干预措施,对照组不采取任何措施。采用自编的＂用眼行为调查问卷＂收集学生视力相关影响因素信息;使用标准对数视力表分别在研究前、干预后6个月和干预后12个月进行5 m远视力检查。结果基线时和干预6个月后,干预组（4.88±0.20,4.85±0.23）和对照组（4.88±0.22,4.84±0.25）视力差异无统计学意义（t值分别为0.14,1.83,P值均〉0.05）;干预12个月后,干预组平均视力（4.85±0.24）明显优于对照组（4.81±0.27）,差异有统计学意义（t=12.50,P〈0.01）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,干预组学生视力下降速度低于对照组,学生年龄越大、父母一方或双方近视及开灯睡觉是学生视力下降的危险因素（P值均〈0.05）。结论增加户外活动时间可以减缓中小学生视力下降速度。通过开展大课间增加学生户外活动时间预防近视,是一项可行的、简单有效的干预措施。Objective To evaluate the protective effect of increasing time spent outdoors on vision change among elementa- ry and secondary school students, to provide reference for prevention and control of adolescents＂ visual loss. Methods Four ele- mentary school students I grade 1 to 5 ） and four secondary school students （ grade 7 to 8 ） in urban and rural areas were recruited into this survey. Information was obtained through students and parents questionnaire. Vision acuity was evaluated by standard loga- rithmic visual acuity chart （ GB 11533-2011 ） at baseline, 6 months and one year after intervention, respectively. The interventions consisted of performing 30-minutes recess program encouraging children to go outside in the morning and afternoon, respectively. The control school did not have any intervention. Visual acuity results were assessed by multivariate analysis of variance. 1 year vision change value was used as the dependent variable, simple linear and multiple linear regressions were performed to analyze the influence factors of vision changes. Results The average annual visual loss among intervention group （ 0.036±0. 126 ） was lower than the contrel group （0. 071± 0. 145） （ P〈0.01 ）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the speed of visual loss in the intervention group was slower than the control group. Older age, parental myopia and sleeping with light on will exacerbate visual loss. Conclusion Increasing time spent outdoors through recess program in school will help slow the speed of visual loss among elementary and secondary school students. Moreover, the recess program is a feasible, simple and effective intervention.

关 键 词：视力 低 健康教育 运动活动 学生 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学] R778.15[文化科学—教育技术学]