性别刻板印象对自发特质推理和有意图特质推理的影响  

Effects of the Gender Stereotype on Spontaneous and Intentional Trait Inferences

作　　者：闫秀梅[1] 王美芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]济南大学教育与心理科学学院,济南250022 [2]山东师范大学心理学院,济南250014

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2014年第6期976-980,共5页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271104);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(13YJC190026);济南大学科研基金项目(B1102和X1144)经费资助

摘　　要：目的:比较性别刻板印象对个体自发特质推理和有意图特质推理影响作用的异同。方法:将76名大学生随机均分为两组,分别通过"记忆"和"印象形成"指导语引发两组被试的自发特质推理和有意图特质推理。在此基础上,采用探测词再认范式考察并比较性别刻板印象对被试自发和有意图特质推理的影响。结果:当加工性别刻板一致行为时,性别刻板印象既不影响个体对行为的自发特质推理,也不影响个体对行为的有意图特质推理;当加工性别刻板不一致行为时,性别刻板印象阻碍个体对行为的自发特质推理,促进个体对行为的有意图特质推理。结论:性别刻板印象对刻板不一致行为的内隐和外显特质推理分别产生了阻碍和促进两种截然不同的影响。Objective： The present study aimed to explore the effects of gender stereotypes on spontaneous trait inferences（STIs） and intentional trait inferences（ITIs）. Methods： Seventy-six undergraduates participated in this experiment. They were presented with behavioral descriptions involving an agent that implied a particular trait. Half of the participants were given memorization instructions（memorize the behavioral descriptions） to elicit their STIs, while the others were given impression formation instructions（infer traits from the behavioral descriptions） to elicit their ITIs. And then, the effects of gender stereotypes on STIs and ITIs were measured using a probe recognition paradigm. Results： It demonstrated that gender stereotypes didn＇ t affect participants＇STIs or ITIs from gender stereotype-consistent behavioral descriptions, whereas influence both their STIs and ITIs from gender stereotype-inconsistent behavioral descriptions. In other words, when traits implied by the behavioral descriptions were inconsistent with gender stereotypes, STIs were inhibited compared to the neutral baseline, but ITIs are facilitated compared to the neutral baseline. Conclusion： The direct contrast between the effects of gender stereotypes on STIs and ITIs reveal different effects of stereotypes on the process of implicit and explicit trait inferences.

关 键 词：性别刻板印象 自发特质推理 有意图特质推理 

分 类 号：R395.1[哲学宗教—心理学]