基于旅游者凝视的后发型旅游地文化认同与文化再现  

CULTURAL IDENTITY AND REPRESENTATION OF LATE DEVELOPMENT TOURISM DESTINATION BASED ON TEH PERSPECTIVE OF TORUISE GAZE

作　　者：路幸福[1,2] 陆林[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学历史与社会学院,芜湖241003 [2]安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院,芜湖241003

出　　处：《人文地理》2014年第6期117-124,共8页Human Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(10CSH018)

摘　　要：后发型旅游地是在欠发达地区,旅游业起步较晚,准备不充分,在资金、技术、人力资源、客源市场、基础设施等方面处于相对不利地位的旅游目的地,在旅游发展初期,旅游者的凝视会对旅游地文化产生重要影响。旅游者凝视理论为分析后发型旅游地文化认同与文化再现提供了理论依据。通过对泸沽湖景区旅游者问卷调查并运用主成分分析法发现旅游者凝视的主要对象为:特色民俗文化、仪式性文化、母系氏族文化、自然景观,且以人文景观为主。对居民的问卷调查和非结构式访谈发现旅游者凝视对提高居民文化认同和文化自豪感、强化"摩梭人"族群认同、建构旅游地文化再现具有重要影响,也在一定程度上改变了文化的真实性,而政府引导性文化再现在提升泸沽湖旅游形象的同时,使得文化再现表现出秩序化、可持续的发展趋势。Later-development tourism destinations in underdeveloped areas are prone to the effect of tourist gaze in terms of the cultural identity and representation as they lack of preparation for development,funds,human resources,tourist market,infrastructure,as well as dependence on technology.The present paper attempts to analyze tourist gaze and hosts＇ cultural identity and representation in Lugu Lake scenic spot by a closed questionnaire and a structured interview on the bases of Tourist Gaze Theory.The resident questionnaire is adopted to assess residents＇ identification to the objects of tourist gaze,tourism support and perception of tourism impact on a 1-5 Likert scale.Meanwhile,non-structured interview is conducted to collect the residents＇ attitudes and opinions of cultural identity and cultural representation.The findings of the questionnaire showed that the main subjects of tourist gaze fall into 4 categories by means of principal component analysis：special folk culture,ritual culture,matriarchal culture and natural landscape.Besides,the findings of interview revealed that residents＇ identification on the cultural landscape value is consistent with the object of tourist gaze.In this way,the original cultural landscapes or cultural activities are simplified for the consistency of form or cultural elements and extracted to reintegration so as to facilitate the representation of cultural landscape specific to space and time.Hosts are no longer the weak in power system of gaze,but voluntary guide of the tourist gaze and tourism behavior,leading tourism development process and promoting the post-modern tourism development.

关 键 词：旅游者凝视 文化认同 文化再现 泸沽湖 后发型旅游地 

分 类 号：K901.6[历史地理—人文地理学]