几种生态因子对偏顶蛤浮游幼虫生长和发育的影响  

Effects of several ecological factors on growth and development of planktonic larvae in clam Modiolus modiolus

作　　者：宁军号 胡盼[1] 宋坚[1] 常亚青[1] 张伟杰[1] 庞云龙[1] 杨力猛 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学农业部北方海水增养殖重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2014年第6期601-606,共6页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家海洋局海洋公益项目(201105016);辽宁省科技攻关重大项目(2011203003)

摘　　要：为了解偏顶蛤Modiolus modiolus最适培育条件,采用实验生态学方法研究了海水盐度、pH和饵料对偏顶蛤浮游幼虫生长和发育的影响。结果表明：3种生态因子对偏顶蛤浮游幼虫的生长发育均有显著影响（P〈0.05）;幼虫生长发育的适宜盐度为25～35,最适盐度为30,但幼虫对高盐度的耐受力比对低盐度的耐受力强;幼虫生长发育的适宜pH为6～9,最适pH为8;饵料试验中,湛江等鞭金藻Isochrysis zhanjiangensis、新月菱形藻Nitzschia closterium和牟氏角毛藻Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmerman 3种饵料混合投喂的效果最好,牟氏角毛藻单独投喂以及牟氏角毛藻与新月菱形藻混合投喂的效果最差,湛江等鞭金藻基本上能够满足偏顶蛤早期浮游幼虫生长发育的营养需求,单一投喂湛江等鞭金藻和新月菱形藻组与投喂含金藻的混合饵料组对幼虫的饲喂效果无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。The effects of seawater salinity,pH and diet on growth and development of the planktonic larvae in clam Modiolus modiolus were investigated in order to explore the optimum culture conditions. It was found that growth and development of the planktonic larvae were significantly affected by the 3 ecological factors（ P〈0. 05）. The planktonic larvae had normal growth and development at a salinity of 25-30,with the optimal salinity of 30,showing stronger tolerance to high salinity than to low salinity. The suitable pH range for growth was changed from 6 to9,and the best growth and maximal survival was observed in the larvae at pH 8. In diets experiment,both the best growth and higher survival rate were found in the larvae fed the alga mixture of Isochrysis zhanjiangensis,Nitzschia closterium and Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmerman. However,the worst growth and lower survival were observed in the planktonic larvae fed single Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmerman or mixture of Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmerman with Nitzschia closterium,indicating that Isochrysis zhanjiangensis meets the nutritional requirement of the planktonic larvae for early growth and development. There were no significant differences in growth and survival in larvae fed Isochrysis zhanjiangensis and Nitzschia closterium only and the mixed microalgae containing Isochrysis zhanjiangensis（ P〉0. 05）.

关 键 词：偏顶蛤 浮游幼虫 生态因子 生长 发育 

分 类 号：S968.31[农业科学—水产养殖]