太湖竺山湾小流域果园养分投入特征及其土壤肥力状况分析  

Nutrient Inputs and Soil Fertility Status in Orchards of Zhushan Bay in Taihu Lake Watershed

作　　者：程谊[1] 贾云生[1] 汪玉[1] 赵旭[1] 杨林章[1] 王慎强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2014年第10期1940-1947,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD15B03);国家水专项课题(2012ZX07101-004);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(14)2050];国家"948"项目(2011-G30)

摘　　要：以太湖竺山湾周边5个镇为研究区域,采取资料调研与实地调查相结合的方法分析果园养分投入特征,并采集典型果园土壤样本评价土壤肥力状况。结果表明,太湖流域果园总体氮、磷、钾平均投入量分别为N522、P2O5674、K2O 462 kg·hm-2,其中来自于有机肥的比例分别为51.3%、58.3%和44.0%。化学肥主要为氮、磷、钾三元复合肥,有机肥以鸡粪和牛粪为主。土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量均处于适宜至很丰富水平,土壤速效磷和速效钾基本上处于较丰富状态,氮、磷、钾养分平均盈余量分别为N 320、P2O5426、K2O 108 kg·hm-2。太湖流域果园氮、磷的高投入不可避免地加大了氮、磷向水体迁移的风险,因而亟待研发有效的果园节氮控磷技术。Planting around the Taihu Lake contributes greatly to its water pollution. In this research, both literature and questionnaire sur-veys（farmer interview）were used to analyze nutrient inputs to orchards, and typical soil samples were collected to evaluate soil fertility sta-tus in the surrounding five towns in Zhushan Bay in Taihu Lake Watershed. Results showed that average rates of total N, P and K inputs were N 522, P2O5 674 and K2O 462 kg＆#183;hm-2, respectively, in orchards in Taihu Lake Watershed. Of which, organic fertilizer inputs account-ed for 51.3%、58.3% and 44.0% of total N, P and K application, respectively. Chemical fertilizer was mainly NPK compound fertilizer, while organic fertilizer was chicken and cattle manure. Soil organic matter, total N, P and K content ranged from appropriate to very rich. Available P and K contents were generally at a rich level. The average surplus of N, P and K were as high as N 320、P2O5 42 and K2O 108 kg＆#183;hm-2, respectively. High inputs of N and P to soils inevitably increased the risk of N and P migration into water. It is necessary to develop effective techniques to control N and P inputs while maintaining fruit production in orchard in Taihu Lake Watershed.

关 键 词：太湖流域 果园 氮 磷 钾投入 有机肥 养分盈余 

分 类 号：X158[环境科学与工程—环境科学]