日用塑料制品中PBDEs的污染特征及其人体健康暴露风险  

Distributions and Risks of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Daily Plastic Products

作　　者：吕任生[1,2] 黄启飞[2] 杨玉飞[2] 唐阵武[3] 田书磊[2] 何洁[2] 刘锋[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆环境保护科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国环境科学研究院固体废物污染控制技术研究所,北京100012 [3]华北电力大学资源与环境研究院,北京102206

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2015年第1期74-81,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201009026;201209020)

摘　　要：采用气相色谱/质谱联用仪和健康风险评价模型,研究了北京居民日常接触的典型日用塑料制品中PBDEs（多溴二苯醚）的赋存特征及其人体健康暴露风险.结果表明：1塑料盆、垃圾桶、塑料垫、塑料板凳、拖把、热水壶壳、给水管、采暖管、排水管、拖鞋、收纳箱、文件框等12种日用塑料制品中w（∑21PBDEs）为0.45-21.30 mg/kg,平均值为5.98 mg/kg.2日用塑料制品中十溴二苯醚是主要的PBDEs同系物,w（十溴二苯醚）平均占w（∑21PBDEs）的82.51%;九溴二苯醚是次要PBDEs同系物,平均占9.76%;三溴-六溴二苯醚质量分数较低,平均占1.77%,日用塑料制品生产过程中添加含十溴二苯醚的废弃阻燃塑料是引起PBDEs污染的主要原因.3成人通过呼吸吸入、皮肤接触和手-口3种途径摄入的PBDEs暴露量分别为295.77、44.29、0.00pg/（kg·d）,儿童通过3种途径的PBDEs暴露量分别为769.55、40.83、1.91 pg/（kg·d）表明呼吸吸入是主要暴露途径.4日用塑料制品中PBDEs对成人和儿童的释放暴露非致癌危害熵分别为2.28×10-4和5.46×10-4,低于美国标准中可接受风险熵（1.0）,表明日用塑料制品中PBDEs对人体的健康风险影响很小.The pollution characteristics and health risks of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） were investigated in daily plastic products in Beijing that residents are exposed to using GC/MS and a health risk assessment model. The results showed that the concentrations of total PBDEs ranged from 0.45 to 21.30 mg/kg, with a mean value of 5.98 mg/kg, in twelve kinds of daily plastic products, including wash basin, litter basket, mat, plastic stool, mop, kettle, PPR pipe, PE pipe, PVC pipe, slippers, luggage and folder. Deca-BDE was the dominant congener, representing 82.51% of the total PBDEs observed in the daily plastic products. Nona-BDE was the secondary PBDEs homologue, accounting for about 9.76%. The total concentration of tir-BDE, tetra-BDE, penta-BDE and hexe- BDE was lower than the others, accounting for about 1.77%. The recycling of waste plastics containing the industrial deca-BDE was the main source of PBDEs in the investigated daily plastic products. The PBDE exposures to residents through breathing, dermal contact and oral intake were also investigated. Daily total PBDE exposures associated with the breathing, dermal contact and oral intake were 295.77, 44.29, 0.00 pg/（kg· d） for adults, and 769.55, 40.83, 1.91 pg/（ kg· d） for children, with breathing being the primary exposure pathway. Based the health risk assessment model recommended by US EPA, the noncarcinogenic risk indexes of the PBDEs in the daily plastic products were 2.28 × 10^-4（adult） and 5.46 × 10^-4 （children） , which were much lower than 1.0, the standard recommended by US EPA. Thus, the health risk of PBDEs in daily plastic products was considered to be reasonable and acceptable in this study.

关 键 词：日用塑料制品 多溴二苯醚(PBDEs) 污染特征 健康风险 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]