儿童期缺乏父母陪伴经历、被忽视及躯体虐待对大学新生情绪问题的影响  

The influence of lack of parental accompaniment, physical abuse and neglect in childhood on the psychological distress in college entrant students

作　　者：李晓晶[1] 郭万军[1] 康玉坤[1] 格桑泽仁[2] 李娜 王英梅[2] 谭正萍[2] 刘昌波[2] 罗莹[2] 冯佳[2] 徐秋杰[2] 陈婷[1] 马小红[3] 李涛[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院心理卫生中心,成都610041 [2]四川大学心理健康教育中心 [3]四川大学华西医院生物治疗国家重点实验室精神医学研究室

出　　处：《中国神经精神疾病杂志》2014年第10期590-595,共6页Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases

摘　　要：目的探究儿童少年期缺乏父母陪伴及被忽视和躯体虐待对大学生情绪问题的影响。方法对某综合性大学9736名新生进行调查,以6条目Kessler心理痛苦量表(the 6-item Kessler psychological distress scale,K6)评价情绪问题,自编问卷调查不同儿童少年时期缺乏父和/或母陪伴的经历,5条目被抚养人忽视问卷和一个被殴打条目调查被忽视、躯体虐待经历。根据生源地将新生分为农村生源组与城市生源组进行分析。结果农村生源组新生缺乏父和/或母陪伴的月份数高于城市生源组(均P<0.05)。多因素线性回归分析示,对农村生源K6量表评分有统计学意义的影响因素为女性(标准化β’=0.139,P<0.001)、被忽视(标准化β’=0.237,P<0.001)及躯体虐待(标准化β’=0.076,P<0.001);而城市生源组K6量表评分影响因素则包括女性(标准化β’=0.091,P<0.001)、仅缺乏父亲陪伴(标准化β’=0.050,P<0.001)、被忽视(标准化β’=0.169,P<0.001)及躯体虐待(标准化β’=0.095,P<0.001)。结论儿童少年期被忽视及被殴打在农村和城市两个生源组中均可能为独立危险因素影响大学新生的情绪问题,而在儿童少年期缺乏父和/或母亲陪伴的经历中,只有仅缺少父亲陪伴的经历在城市生源组可能为独立危险因素,应选取更具代表性的样本对相关危险因素进行更系统全面和深入的调查研究。Objective To explore the influence of lack of parental accompaniment, physical abuse and neglect in childhood on the psychological distress of college entrant students. Methods In a comprehensive university in Sichuan Province, 8367 freshmen were surveyed using the 6-item Kessler psychological distress （K6） scale and a questionnaire for lack of parental accompany, physical abuse and neglect in childhood. The students were divided into rural group and urban group for data analysis. Results The months of lack of maternal and/or paternal accompaniment were more in rural group than that in urban group （P〈0.05）. In rural group, female （standardizedβ’=0.139, P〈0.001）, neglect （standardizedβ’=0.237, P〈0.001） and physical abuse （standardized β’=0.076, P〈0.001） were associated with K6 scale. In urban group, female （standardizedβ’=0.091, P〈0.001）, lack of paternal accompaniment （standardizedβ’=0.050, P〈0.001）, ne glect （standardized β’=0.169, P〈0.001） and physical abuse （standardized β’=0.095, P〈0.001） related with K6 scale. Conclusions Neglect and physical abuse are independent risk factors to freshmen both from rural and urban areas. Lack of paternal accompaniment in childhood is a risk factor only in urban freshmen. Further research should select more representative samples and also include more factors which may interact with the loss of parental accompaniment such as parental divorce and conditions regarding so called＂left-behind＂children in rural area.

关 键 词：心理健康 大学生 父母陪伴 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]