世变、国变与“主义”采择:严复对西来三大政治思潮的态度  

Changes of World History,Changes of Chinese History,and “Ism” for Adoption:Yan-Fu's Attitude Towards the Three Political Thought from the West

作　　者：何卓恩[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国近代史研究所,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2014年第11期140-147,164,共8页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：清末民初,西方近代主要政治思潮民族主义、自由主义、社会主义相继东来,引起思想界不同反应。严复终其一生多谈"问题"少谈"主义",所谈的"问题"众多,其中比较突出的"富强"、"自由"、"均平"等问题,正是三大思潮的核心价值,显示其较早了解、熟悉西方三大思潮。在严复那里,随着历史剧情的变化这些价值逐渐褪色,晚年的严复发展到几乎否定一切外来的主义。严复对西方思潮由迎到拒的过程,印证了中国近代转型的艰难曲折。可以说,世变造就了严复们成为近代中国全面改革论的倡导者,而其亲历的国变却又使得他们成为近代中国国情论的始作俑者。In late Qing and early Republic of China,the spreading of main modern western political thoughts,such as nationalism,liberalism and socialism,have Caused intellectual different reactions.Yan-Fu understood the three thought earlier,because he had discussed the core values of them:'prosperity','freedom ',and 'all levels'.In Yan's thought,with the change of historical circumstances,these values gradually faded,and in his old age Yan almost negated every alien doctrine.The process in Yan from welcoming to rejecting western thoughts,confirms the Chinese modern transformation arduous and tortuous.We can say that changes of the world history created a reform thinker Yan Fu,but changes of the Chinese history created a China's national conditions special theory advocate Yan Fu.

关 键 词：严复 民族主义 自由主义 社会主义 近代中国 

分 类 号：B256[哲学宗教—中国哲学]