语用推理的经验本质  

The Empirical Nature of Pragmatic Inference

作　　者：吴亚欣[1] 柳皓[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学外国语学院,太原030006

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2015年第1期25-29,共5页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目(09YJC740049)

摘　　要：语用推理是对语用意义或称含意的推导过程。语用推理的执行者"人"是在特定文化社团中社会化的产物,其过往经验影响着他的决策与判断。语用推理过程加工的材料由说话人话语和语境知识构成,说话人话语是说话人根据社会规约及自己对听话人的了解所做的语言选择,语境知识是说话人默认听话人与其共享的社会文化信息及会话的前序话轮信息。语用推理的结论即语用意义,是说话人经验知识的再现。从语用推理的主体-客体-结论这一语用推理的全景图来看,经验是贯穿三者的主题,印证了语用推理的经验本质。Pragmatic inference is the process of deriving the pragmatic meaning or implicature of an utterance. Human beings,who carry out pragmatic inference,are socialized beings in a particular social-cultural community. Their prior experience influences their decision-making and judgment. The materials processed in pragmatic inference consist of the speaker＇s utterances and contextual knowledge. The former is the linguistic choices made by the speaker in accordance to social conventions and his knowledge about the hearer,and the latter refers to the speaker＇s default belief in the sharedness of the social-cultural information and the information delivered by the previous turns of the conversation between the hearer and him. The conclusions of pragmatic inference are just the pragmatic meanings of the speaker＇s utterances. They are the playback of the speaker＇s empirical knowledge. The panorama of pragmatic inference shows that the interlocutors＇ experience is the theme going through the subject-object-conclusion trinity of pragmatic inference,and this reveals the empirical nature of pragmatic inference.

关 键 词：语用推理 经验 语境知识 语用意义 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]