2013年上海市河流秋季水质空间分布特征  

Characteristics of Spatial Distribution of Water Quality in Rivers of Shanghai in Autumn 2013

作　　者：李典宝 张玮[1,2] 王丽卿[1] 徐玉萍[1] 季高华[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]上海水生环境工程有限公司,上海200090

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2015年第1期50-58,共9页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：上海市水务局"十二五"河道生态治理技术指南研究及编制(沪水科2011-07)

摘　　要：于2013年秋季对上海市16条中小型河道(48个采样点)和黄浦江水体13个断面(42个采样点)的水质状况进行调查。运用聚类分析和判别分析法,结合河流周围用地类型和驳岸类型研究上海河流秋季水质在空间尺度上分布的相似性、差异性及主控因素。结果表明:上海河流秋季水体营养盐(氮、磷)和有机物含量总体偏高;黄浦江水质总体显著优于河道(P<0.05),且上游优于中、下游;按河道所处位置和周围用地类型划分,主城区、上海市区和周围有明显污染源的河道水质差于城郊河道;以吴泾断面为分界线,黄浦江以南河道水质状况优于以北河道。上海河流在空间尺度上可划分为3类,分别对应于黄浦江水体和大治河,上海城郊、城郊结合部和人口相对集中的主城区河道以及人口最多的上海市区和周围有典型污染源的河道。表征空间差异性的显著水质指标为溶解性有机碳、溶解氧、铵态氮和总悬浮物浓度以及电导率。Water qualities of 16 small and medium rivers ( 48 sampling sites) and the Huangpu River at 13 sections ( 42 sampling sites) were investigated in autumn of 2013. A comprehensive analysis was conducted of the findings using the cluster analysis ( CA) and discriminant analysis ( DA) methods on similarities, differences and controlling factor of spatial distributions of water qualities in the rivers in autumn as affected by type of land use of the surrounding area and type of re?vetment. Results show that the rivers tended to be high in content of nutrient salts ( nitrogen, phosphorus) and organic matter in autumn, but the Huangpu River was on the whole better than the small and medium rivers ( P<0?05) in water quality, and its upper reaches were better than the middle and lower reaches; Analysis by location of a river and type of land use of its surroundings shows that the rivers running through the main urban areas, downtown and areas surrounded by obvious population sources were much worse than those flowing in the suburbs in water quality;With Wujing Section set as a division line, the river south to the secion was better than the river north to the section in water quality;Results of spa?tial cluster analysis indicate that the rivers in Shanghai could be sorted into three groups, that is, the Huangpu River water system and Dazhi River, rivers in the suburban and periurban areas, and rivers in relatively densely populated urban and downtown areas and areas surrounded by typical pollution sources. Dissolved organic carbon ( DOC ) , dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen(NH4+?N), total suspended solids(TSS) and electrical conductivity(EC) were the main water quality indices characterizing spatial heterogeneity of the distribution of water quality.

关 键 词：聚类分析 判别分析 河流水质 空间分布 上海市 

分 类 号：X131[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q178[生物学—水生生物学]