浙江省249例聋校学生听力状况及病因学调查  

An Etiological Study on Hearing Loss of 249 Deaf Students in Zhejiang Province

作　　者：管锐瑞 王晓艾[1] 王一鸣[1] 王永华[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江中医药大学听力与言语科学学院,310053 [2]浙江中医药大学耳聋康复研究所

出　　处：《中国中西医结合耳鼻咽喉科杂志》2014年第6期468-471,共4页Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology in Integrative Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨浙江省聋校学生听力损失的病因、听力状况以及语言交流能力。明确该地区不同致聋因素,为因地制宜的开展耳聋的预防、干预等措施奠定基础,从而为将来开展从分子水平上进行耳聋的基因诊断和遗传咨询提供临床依据。方法采用调查问卷,听力测试等方法对浙江省249名聋校学生进行听力状况及病因学调查,并对其中佩戴助听器且有语言能力的56人进行言语测试。结果聋儿均为感应神经性聋,极重度聋占79.12%(197/249),重度聋占17.27%(43/249),中重度聋占3.21%(8/249),中度聋占0.40%(1/249)。先天性聋儿中,家族遗传性聋占7.23%(18/249),后天性聋儿中,药物性聋占36.54%(91/249),其中庆大霉素所占比例最高(31.87%)。佩戴助听器且有语言能力的56例聋儿,单音节词的平均正确率为62.1%,双音节词平均正确率为58.7%。结论聋校学生听力损失以极度聋、重度聋为多数,使用耳毒性药物是导致耳聋的主要原因;对聋儿进行早期诊断、早期佩戴助听器、早期进行听力语言训练是使聋儿能够正常交流,融入主流社会的关键。Objective To study the etiology, the hearing status and languagecommunication skills of the deaf students in Zhejiang province and to get the different factors of the deafness in the area in order to lay the foundation for getting more information about gene diagnosis and genetic counseling from the molecular level. Methods A total number of the 249 deaf students in Zhejiang province were examined with audiometer,investigated through questionnaire and other ways. Among them, 56 people of wearing heating AIDS also had speech audiometry. Results The defect of the students is generally sensorineural, most of them are nonsyndromic deafness. The degrees of deafness could be ascertained with 197 （79.12%） students of profound deafness, 43 （17.27%） students of severe deafness, 8 （3.21%） students with moderate to severe deafness and 1 （0.40%）student of moderate deafness. Causing of 7.23% congenital deafness cases,genetic factors ranked first etiologically. And 91students （36.54 %） had the previous history of prescribing drugs foracquired deafness cases, in which gentamicin was ranked the first （31.87%）. For the 56 students of wearing hearing AIDS, the average accuracy of single syllable word is 62.1%, and the double syllable word is 58.7%. Conclusion Most of the deaf students have extreme heating loss or severe heating loss ,use of ototoxie drugs is the main reason of deafness. Diagnosis, aeoustieonand language recovery in early stage played major roles of social communication of the students of deaf-mute school.

关 键 词：听力损失 病因学 聋校学生 

分 类 号：R764.4[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]