丸山真男有关“日本性”问题的思考  

Masao Maruyama's Thoughts about Japaneseness

作　　者：吴震[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2015年第1期26-34,68,共10页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：2013年度国家社科基金重点项目"日韩朱子学的承传与创新研究"(项目批准号:13AZD024)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：丸山真男的"日本研究"可谓是现代"日本学"领域的一座高峰。他一生的工作目标在寻求两个问题的答案:"近代性"和"日本性"。早期,他发现德川时代徂徕学通过对儒学"日本化"的批判改造,绽露出"近代思维"的萌芽,由此表明"近代化"也有自发性的日本资源可寻,只是明治以后这一走向遭到严重挫折。晚期则致力于通过揭示日本文化的"原型"(或"执拗低音"),以寻找构成日本文化传统的某种"日本性的东西"。然而原型论或有可能导致原型"本质化"或"实体化",对此丸山有清醒的批判意识。尽管如此,原型论依然无法避免这样一种质疑:如果脱离了文化系统这棵大树,那么"原型"这颗种子如何才能呈现其意义?答案自然是否定的。当然,丸山对日本性问题的探索仍然具有重要的思想史意义——为现在而认识过去。这一点之所以重要,是因为历史重演往往就是因为缺乏对历史的认知。Masao Maruyama＇s Japanese research is thought to be one of the peaks in modern Japanese studies. His life-time research is devoted to seek the answers to modernity and Japaneseness. In his early studies,Maruyama revealed that the Sorai School in Tokugawa era had the bud of modern thought after its critical transformation of the Japanization of Confucianism. Thereby it is indicated that modernization might have spontaneous Japanese resources,but this trend was seriously stricken after Meiji period. In the late studies Maruyama was dedicated to reveal the prototype of Japanese culture in seek of certain ＂something Japaneseness＂which was supposed to constitute Japanese cultural tradition. However it likely leads to essentialization or reification of prototype,to which Maruyama had a sober sense of criticism. Nevertheless it is called into question that how could prototype present its meaning being separated from cultural system. The answer is no. But Maruyama＇s exploration of Japaneseness has great significance to the history of ideas-to understand the past for the present. This is important as history repeats itself usually because the historical knowledge is absent.

关 键 词：丸山真男 日本性 近代化 日本化 原型论 

分 类 号：K313[历史地理—历史学]