广东长沙湾牡蛎养殖区水质卫生状况分析  

Sanitary status of oyster aquaculture water in Changsha Bay,Guangdong Province

作　　者：钟贤武[1,2] 黄琼[2] 李柏生[2] 王安娜[1,2] 林虹[1,2] 万壮[1,2] 陈荣凤[2,3] 张永慧[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510080 [2]广东省疾病预防控制中心 [3]南方医科大学公共卫生与热带医学学院

出　　处：《华南预防医学》2015年第1期21-25,共5页South China Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(项目编号:2014Y2-00151)

摘　　要：目的了解广东省长沙湾牡蛎养殖区水质卫生状况，并探讨海水中粪大肠菌群（FCB）与主要理化指标间的关系。方法2013年11月至2014年10月在广东长沙湾牡蛎养殖区选取5个养殖点，并逐月采集养殖海水，参照GB17378．4—2007《海洋监测规范第4部分：海水分析》测定水体水温、pH、盐度、浊度及溶解氧5个理化指标；采用GB17378．7-2007《海洋监测规范第7部分：近海污染生态调查和生物监测》中的多管发酵法检测水中的FCB。结果2013年11月至2014年10月间在长沙湾牡蛎养殖水域共调查5个采样点，各点分别采集养殖水12份，共检测60份水样。长沙湾牡蛎养殖区海水中FCB检测范围为10-1．26×10^6MPN／L，总体均值3．8×10^3MPN／L；水中FCB检出59份，检出率为98．3％（59／60）；超标36份，总超标率为60．0％（36／60）。径口、亚洲、长洲、辰洲、新村养殖点海水中FCB超标率分别为25．0％、25．0％、66．7％、83．3％、100．0％。不同养殖点间FCB超标率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。调查期间养殖点海水中FCB均值总体表现为秋冬季低（198～10002MPN／L）、春夏季高（501～113783MPN／L）的特征，但不同月份各养殖点水中FCB超标率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。调查期间养殖区水温为13．1—32．5℃；pH为6．8～9．2；盐度为0．1‰～24．9‰；浊度为7．0～140．0NTU；溶解氧含量范围为2．9—12．5mg／L。不同月份养殖水水温、pH、盐度、浊度间的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。养殖水中FCB与浊度（r=0．425）呈正相关关系；与盐度、溶解氧呈负相关关系（r=-0．266、-0．505）。结论长沙湾牡蛎养殖区海水中FCB超标率较高，建议加强沿岸污水排放的管理；盐度、浊度、溶解氧对长沙湾牡蛎养殖海水中FCB数量具有一定影响。Objective To investigate the water quality and sanitary conditions of oyster aquacul- ture water in Changsha Bay of Guangdong Province and explore the relationship between the fecal coliform bacteria （FCB） and primary physicochemical indexes in oyster aquaculture water. Methods Samples of seawater were collected monthly from five sites of the oyster aquaculture area in Changsha Bay during November 2013 to October .2014 and determined for the physicochemical parameters, including temperature, pH, salinity, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen according to GB 17378.4 -2007 as well as the number of FCB according to GB 17378. 7 - 2007. Results A total of 60 seawater samples were collected during the investigation. The FCB number in seawater taken from the oyster aquaculture area ranged from 10 MPN/L to 1.26 ×10^6 MPN/L with a geometric mean of 3.8 × 10^3MPN/L. Of the samples, 60. 0% （36/60） exceeded the Sea Water Quality Standard （ GB 3097 - 1997） for FCB in grade Ⅱ seawater. During the study period, water temperature ranged from 13.1 to 32.5 ℃, pH ranged from 6. 8 to 9.2, salinity ranged from 0. 1‰）to 24. 9‰, turbidity ranged from 7.0 to 140.0 NTU, and dissolved oxygen ranged from 2. 9 to 12.5 mg/L. Negative correlations were tound between FCB and salinity as well as dissolved oxygen（r = -0. 266, -0. 505 ）. A positive correlation was observed between FCB and turbidity（ r = -0. 425 ）. Conclusion The exceeding standard rate of FCB in seawater was relatively high in Changsha oyster aquaculture area. The salinity, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen have some effects on the FCB number in seawater.

关 键 词：贝类 水产养殖 大肠杆菌 

分 类 号：R155.55[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] S967[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]