作物根系构型三维探测与重建方法研究进展  

Crop Roots Configuration and Visualization: A Review

作　　者：温维亮[1,2] 郭新宇[2] 赵春江[2] 王传宇[2] 肖伯祥[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学计算机学院,北京100124 [2]北京农业信息技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2015年第3期436-448,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"计划(2013AA102404);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD35B01)

摘　　要：根系是作物获取水分和养分的重要器官,由于土壤的观测阻碍,根系三维形态的认知与表达成为作物根系深入研究的瓶颈。三维数字化、可视化是研究和认知作物形态结构的重要方法,研究具有表征根系长相长势及土壤中水分、养分等物质对作物根系构型的影响具有重要意义。本文从三维角度,综述了近年来作物根系构型探测手段、三维重构与可视化方面的研究进展。首先从破坏性探测与原位探测两方面介绍了近年来根系构型三维探测的方法。破坏性探测主要包括直接挖掘法、土块保护挖掘清洗法和平板扫描图像分析法,破坏性探测方法在获取全局或局部根系拓扑结构与平面几何构型参数方面具有较大优势;原位探测方法主要包括土壤中安置观察装置法、地面穿透雷达法、特殊培养环境法、CCD相机法、三维数字化方法及穿透射线成像法等,作物根系的原位探测保持了根系构型的空间分布信息,但大部分方法仅能针对作物生长初期或可控生长环境下的作物根系开展数据获取。由于作物根系探测数据大多以局部二维图像形式存在,文章综述了基于二维图像的作物根系平面几何构型解析的相关内容,包括基于二维图像的根系识别与参数提取的算法与相关软件。分析表明,目前作物根系数据获取仍存在:(1)数据获取费时费力;(2)方法局限性大;(3)数据完整性低;(4)各种方法所获取数据融合应用度低等问题。在根系探测的基础上,从三维建模与生长建模两方面介绍了作物根系三维建模与可视化方面的相关工作。其中,根系三维建模包括了基于模拟算法的几何建模和基于原位探测的三维重建两部分,基于模拟算法的几何建模是在人们对作物根系认识的基础上,结合计算机模拟算法,构建与实际根系具有形态相似性的根系三维几何模型;与之相比,基于原位探测的三维重�As an important organ of absorbing water and nutrients for crops, root system architecture（RSA） has become a bottleneck in-depth study of crop roots due to the observing obstacles of soil. Three dimensional and visualization are important methods for studying and recognizing the morphological and structural traits of plants. In the aspect of crop root phenotype, these methods have a significance for characterizing the growth appearance of roots and for the influence of water, nutrients and other substances in the soil on RSA. In this paper, from the three dimensional perspective, the research progresses in detecting methods,three dimensional reconstruction and visualization of RSA in recent years were reviewed. Destructive and in situ detection methods of RSA were introduced. Destructive detecting methods mainly include（i） direct mining,（ii） protective soil block mining and cleaning,（iii） root scanning and image analysis, etc. These destructive methods have great advantages in obtaining global or local topology and extracting the plane geometric parameters. Meanwhile, in situ method mainly include six classes：（i） installation of root observation windows in field,（ii） ground penetrating radar,（iii） cultivation in controllable environment,（iv） CCD camera imaging,（v） 3D digitizing and（vi） X-ray computed tomography（CT）, etc. These in situ methods retained the distribution information of RSA in space. However, most of the in situ detecting methods are only available for young or grown in controllable environment roots. Because a great deal of the detected data of RSA exist in the form of two-dimensional image, studies on extraction and analysis of plane geometry RSA parameters from two dimensional images were introduced as well, including root identification and parameter extraction algorithms and manual extraction software. Analysis showed that, the crop root data acquisition still exist some problems, such as time-consuming and laborious, redundant limitations, low integ

关 键 词：作物 根系构型 探测方法 三维重建 可视化 

分 类 号：S126[农业科学—农业基础科学]