法政制度的人性预设:美德亦或无赖  

Humanity Hypothesis in the Law and Political System:Virtue or Rascal

作　　者：聂长建[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学法学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第2期71-77,共7页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：湖北法治发展战略研究院与中南财经政法大学法治发展与司法改革研究中心重点课题"预防腐败犯罪立法研究"(FZFZYJ2012013);中南民族大学民族地区廉政研究中心资助

摘　　要：人性的自私、有限的慷慨和资源的稀缺产生了正义制度。休谟的"无赖原则"认为,政府在制度设计上应该把成员设想为谋求私利的无赖之徒,然后采取措施严加防范,并使无赖之徒从私利出发在行动上表现出美德。正义制度对人的德性有一种形式上过滤的功用,让美德通过而无赖通不过。制度也是一种智慧,如果制度能改变人们的认识观念,使一种无耻的行为又被看做一种愚蠢的行为,那就使大部分理智健全的人的道德表现形式更符合道德,这至少能够在形式上提高人们的道德水准。Human nature＇ s selfish, limited vehement and resource scarcity has produced justice system. Hume, in his ＂rascal principle＂ thought, thought government should regard its members as rascal in system designing, then take actions to defend severely, to make the rascal to express virtue in action on the basis of private benefits. To human＇ s moral, justice has a formal filter function, which lets virtue pass and prevents rascal from passing. System is also a wisdom. If system can make a shameful deed foolish, this can make the most reasonable person accord with moral in the moral expressing, which can raise human＇ s moral at least in form.

关 键 词：法政制度 人性预设 美德 正义 无赖 

分 类 号：B82-052[哲学宗教—伦理学]