生境持续和瞬间部分毁坏下外来种入侵动态模拟  

Dynamical simulation of exotic species invasions under continuous and instantaneous habitat destructions

作　　者：齐相贞[1,2] 林振山[1,2] 刘会玉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023 [2]江苏省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室,南京210023

出　　处：《生态科学》2014年第6期1053-1059,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40901034;31470519);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

摘　　要：生境毁坏与生物入侵是造成生物多样性降低的两大重要原因,二者结合研究是当前生物入侵研究的前沿和热点。通过外来种入侵干扰模型分析了外来种在生境完好、生境瞬间部分毁坏和生境持续部分毁坏下的入侵动态及其对土著种群的影响,得出如下结论:1)生境完好的情况下,不同迁移能力的外来种会出现四种不同的入侵结果:入侵失败、归化、震荡共存和入侵成功;2)无论生境瞬间部分毁坏或是生境持续部分毁坏,当外来种的迁移率较弱时,生境毁坏抑制入侵;反之,生境毁坏促进入侵成功;3)生境毁坏从无-慢-快的变化过程中,外来种的时滞时间表现出长-短-长的变化动态。当生境完好时,外来种本身特征及种间竞争决定了时滞时间的长短,当生境毁坏时,干扰程度越强,时滞时间越长,外来种越需要较长的时间稳定种群。Habitat destruction and biological invasion are being recognized as the two important drivers of biodiversity loss. In this paper, a disturbance model of exotic invasion is proposed to research the dynamics of exotic species invasion and its impact on native species under intact habitat, partially continuous habitat destruction and partially instantaneous habitat destruction. The simulation results showed that： （1） Under intact habitat, there are four invasion results of failed invasion, naturalization, oscillating coexistence and successful invasion as exotic species displaying different dispersal abilities. （2） Under continuous or instantaneous habitat destruction, habitat degradation inhibited invasion when the dispersal ability was weak, on the contrary, habitat destruction promoted exotic invasion. （3）The lag time of invasion showed a long- short-long change in the context of intact habitat, slowly continuous habitat destruction and fast instantaneous habitat fragmentation. Under intact habitat, demography characteristics and competition determined the lag time. But under habitat destruction, lag time depended on disturbance intensity. The stronger the disturbance strength was, the longer the lag time was and the more time the exotic species need to keep population balance.

关 键 词：生摬持续毁坏 生境瞬间毁坏 入侵 模拟 

分 类 号：Q141[生物学—生态学]