孤立波作用下斜坡堤越浪量的实验研究  

An experimental study on overtopping of solitary wave against a slope dike

作　　者：张金牛 吴卫[1] 刘桦[1,2] 房詠柳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程院,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学水动力学教育部重点实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《水动力学研究与进展（A辑）》2014年第6期656-662,共7页Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51379123);上海市自然科学基金项目(11ZR1418200);上海水务局科研项目~~

摘　　要：为了研究海啸等浅水大波对海堤等海岸结构物的作用,采用孤立波作为输入波形,在波浪水槽中进行了孤立波在斜坡堤上越浪过程的系列实验。通过物理模型实验,获得了孤立波作用下斜坡堤越浪量的测量结果,并基于PIV方法测量得到的海堤越浪流速度场计算了越浪量。以堤顶相对超高和来波相对波高为无量纲参数,基于越浪量实验数据建立了斜坡堤上孤立波越浪量的经验预报公式。孤立波堤顶越浪流的PIV测量结果表明,在实验工况条件下越堤流流场可近似为几乎平行的流动;基于PIV测量结果得到孤立波越浪量与越浪量的直接测量结果一致性较好。对简单斜坡堤而言,无量纲的孤立波越浪量随来波相对波高的增大而增加,随着堤顶相对超高的减小呈指数增大。Experiments on overtopping discharge and overtopping flow of a solitary wave against a seadike were carried out in a wave flume to understand the effects of tsunami on the coastal defense structures. Through the experiments, the overtopping discharge was measured directly and evaluated by the PIV based flow field measurement respectively. An empiric formula was proposed to calculate the overtopping discharge of a solitary wave in terms of the relative height of an incoming solitary wave and the relative height of levee free-board of the sea dike. It is found that the overtopping flow field on the crest of a sea dike belongs to the almost parallel flow and the overtopping discharges evaluated by the PIV measurement match well with the directly measured values. For the seadike of single slope profile, the dimensionless overtopping of a solitary wave is proportional to the relative wave height, while it increases exponentially as the relative levee free-board of the seadike decreases.

关 键 词：越浪量 孤立波 海堤 PIV 海啸 

分 类 号：U656.2[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]