油脂加工副产物—脱臭馏出物的综合利用  

Comprehensive utilization of deodorizer distillate

作　　者：张莉华[1] 许新德[1] 邵斌[1] 洪毅敏[1] 蔡烽[1] 马金萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江医药股份有限公司新昌制药厂,新昌312500

出　　处：《中国食品添加剂》2015年第1期157-164,共8页China Food Additives

摘　　要：油脂脱臭馏出物是植物油精炼脱臭时的副产物,含有多种活性成分,提取、纯化和应用这些活性成分已成为研究的热点。为了促进脱臭馏出物的综合开发利用,本文综述植物油脱臭馏出物中天然VE、植物甾醇、角鲨烯、脂肪酸甲酯等多种活性成分的理化性质、提取纯化方法及应用延伸。结果表明,植物油脱臭馏出物是天然VE的较好来源,且不同来源的脱臭馏出物中提取的天然VE的组成有所不同。从脱臭馏出物中提取VE多采用酯化法、尿素络合法、酶法、溶剂萃取法、分子蒸馏法、离子交换法、吸附法、柱层析法、超临界萃取法等两种或多种方法的组合形式进行富集和纯化。目前市场上的天然VE的品种大致分为四类：混合生育酚、天然α-生育酚、天然α-生育酚衍生物、混合生育酚/天然α-生育酚粉末等。从脱臭馏出物中提取植物甾醇通常分两步,先从原料中提取粗甾醇,然后采用溶剂结晶、络合法、吸附法、酶法等精制方法精制甾醇。植物甾醇的应用延伸包括水溶性植物甾醇、谷甾醇、豆甾醇、4AD、ADD和多种甾体皮质激素药物。从脱臭馏出物中提取角鲨烯通常是先提取不皂化物,然后从不皂化物中采用超临界CO2萃取、色谱分离、分子蒸馏法、吸附分离法等进一步提取角鲨烯。脱臭馏出物中脂肪酸的含量一般在25%~75%之间,这些脂肪酸在制备天然VE和植物甾醇的过程中转化为脂肪酸甲酯,而以脂肪酸甲酯为原料可制备生物柴油、单双甘油酯、环氧脂肪酸甲酯、表面活性剂和洗涤剂等产品,使得油脂脱臭馏出物得到进一步的综合利用。The deodorizer distillate is a by- product in vegetable oils deodorization process,which contains many bioactive materials such as vitamin E,phytosterols,squalene and fatty acid methyl ester（FAME）,etc.. Extraction,purification and application of these bioactive materials has become a research hotspot. To utilize these deodorizer distillate,this paper reviews the physical and chemical properties,extraction and purification methods and application of these bioactive materials. Deodorizer distillate is an excellent source of natural vitamin E. The composition of natural vitamin E extracted from different sources of deodorizer distillate is different. The extracting meth od includes esterification,urea complex technology,enzyme technology,solvent extraction,molecular distillation,ion exchange method,adsorption,column chromatography and supercritical fluid extraction. Separation and purification of natural VE in the industrial production usually use the combination of two or more of the above methods. The products of natural VE on the market are roughly divided into four categories,namely,natural mixed tocopherol,natural alpha tocopherol,natural alpha tocopherol derivatives,mixed/ natural alpha tocopherol powder,etc. Extracting phytosterols from deodorizer distillate is usually divided into two steps ： first,the rude phytosterols are extracted,then solvent crystallization,adsorption or enzyme method is used to abtain the refined phytosterols. The application of phytosterols includes water- soluble phytosterols,sitosterol,stigmasterol,4AD、ADD and a varitey of steroidal cortical hormone drugs. In general,squalene extraction from deodorizer distillate is usually done by extracting un- saponified material first and then supercritical CO2 fluid extraction. Chromatographic separation,molecular distillation and adsorption method will then be used to further extraction of squalene. Content of fatty acid in deodorizer distillate is usually between 25% and 75%. These fatty acids will be transformed into FAME in the prep

关 键 词：脱臭馏出物 活性成分 天然VE 植物甾醇 角鲨烯 脂肪酸甲酯 提取纯化 应用 

分 类 号：TS229[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]