青少年运动员体育道德取向的预测:个体与情境  

Predictors of Sportsmanship Orientation in Young Athletes:Based on Dual Perspective of Individual and Situation

作　　者：孙开宏[1] 季浏[2] 王坤[3] 

机构地区：[1]扬州职业大学体育学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241 [3]上海交通大学体育系,上海200030

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2014年第5期369-375,共7页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(项目编号:12CTY024);江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学研究指导项目(项目编号:2012SJD890022);江苏省高校"青蓝工程"优秀青年骨干教师培养对象资助项目;扬州市职业大学科研资助项目(项目编号:11j10)

摘　　要：目的:探讨个体(目标定向、能力知觉)和情境(动机气氛、同伴关系)变量对青少年运动员体育道德取向的预测效应。方法:采用问卷调查法对259名青少年运动员的目标定向、能力知觉、动机气氛、同伴关系和体育道德取向进行测量。结果:(1)任务定向与高水平体育道德相关,自我定向与低水平体育道德相关,能力知觉与高水平体育道德相关,体育运动中运动员目标定向存在3种类型(即高任务/低自我、中任务/中自我和高任务/高自我),不同类别复合目标定向型的体育道德取向存在显著的差异,高任务复合适宜自我目标定向与高水平的体育道德相关;(2)掌握气氛与高水平体育道德相关,成绩气氛与低水平体育道德相关,同伴接纳与低水平体育道德相关;(3)掌握气氛、成绩气氛和能力知觉对自我定向与体育道德之间的关系具有显著的调节效应,高掌握气氛、低成绩气氛和高能力知觉可以更加有效减轻自我定向对体育道德取向的消极影响。结论:个体和情境变量对青少年运动员的体育道德取向有显著独立和交互预测效应。Objective： To investigate the predictive effect of individual （goal orientation, perceived competence） and situational （motivational climate, peer relationship） variables on sportsmanship orientation in young athletes. Methods： 259 young athletes were investigated with self-evaluation questionnaires on goal orientation, perceived competence, motivational climate, peer relationship and sportsmanship orientation. Results ： （1） Task orientation and perceived competence was positively associated with higher sportspersonship levels, ego orientation was related to lower sportspersonship levels ; Athletes with high task combined with suitable ego orientation reported the higher sportpersonship levels; （2） Mastery climate was positively associated with higher sportspersonship levels, performance climate and peer acceptance was related to lower sportspersonship levels; （3） Mastery climate, performance climate and perceived competence can regulate the relationship between ego orientation and sportspersonship. High mastery climate, low performance climate and high perceived competence can effectively reduce the negative effect of ego orientation on sportspersonship. Conclusions ： There was significantly independent and interactive effect of the individual and situational variables on sportsmanship in young athletes.

关 键 词：运动员 体育道德 目标定向 能力知觉 动机气氛 同伴关系 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]