缘何向修昔底德道歉--萨林斯的历史人类学及战争研究  

Why Apologize to Thucydides:the Historical Anthropology and the Studies on War of Marshall Sahlins

作　　者：夏希原[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系人类学专业,北京100871

出　　处：《世界民族》2015年第1期52-61,共10页Journal of World Peoples Studies

摘　　要：《向修昔底德道歉》是美国人类学家马歇尔·萨林斯晚近的著作。该书用历史人类学方法,对19世纪斐济群岛的内战和古希腊的伯罗奔尼撒战争进行了比较研究,指出对文化变迁的考察应采取二元的辩证视角,注重文化间的互动,而历史学家的研究也应该采取文化人类学的立场,避免民族中心主义。本文以此书内容为出发点,梳理了萨林斯与该书有关的诸思想论点的演变;并且对萨林斯此书观点中存在的美国文化人类学传统学术偏见,以及使用概念时的混乱、理论的普遍适用性等问题进行了批评。Apologies to Thucydides is a recent work by the American anthropologist Marshall Sahlins. With the method of historical anthropology, he makes a comparative study between the civil war of Fiji in the 19th century and the Peloponnesian war of ancient Greece. He argues that a dual dialectical perspective should be applied and cultural interaction should be stressed in the research on cuhural change. Furthermore, he maintains that historians should adopt a cultural anthropology stance to avoid ethnic centralism. Centered on these points, this essay draws a critical discussion on the development of the related theories and arguments of Marshall Sahlins, including the academic bias of the American anthropology tradition revealed in his works, the conceptual confusions and general applicability of the theory.

关 键 词：萨林斯 历史人类学 向修昔底德道歉 辩证历史 民族中心主义 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]