葡萄木质部解剖结构与树体营养及生长势的关系  

Tree nutrition and growth potential in grape in relation to xylem anatomy

作　　者：张永福[1] 韩丽[1] 刘佳妮[1] 彭声静[1] 任禛[1] 牛燕芬[1] 严宇辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明学院农学院,昆明650214

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2015年第1期34-40,46,共8页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2012Z097);昆明学院引进人才科研项目(YJL11030)

摘　　要：为探明不同生长势葡萄品种木质部解剖结构与树体营养关系及品种之间生长势差异原因,以6个葡萄品种为材料,采用石蜡切片法和徒手切片法比较观察其根系和茎干木质部解剖结构,测定供试材料的形态特征、碳素营养、氮磷钾营养。结果表明,强生长势品种的木质部率、导管直径、导管密度、导管总面积、导管总面积与木质部面积的比值均显著高于其他品种,弱生长势品种则显著低于其他品种。强生长势品种的根系和茎干碳含量低于其他品种,根系和叶片磷含量显著高于其他品种,根系和叶片的碳氮比、磷氮比和钾氮比均显著低于其他品种;而弱生长势品种根系碳含量高于其他品种,根系和叶片氮含量、叶片磷钾含量、茎干钾氮比均显著低于其他品种,茎干氮含量、根系和叶片碳氮比、叶片钾氮比和钾磷比均显著高于其他品种。可见,造成葡萄品种间生长势差异的原因是木质部导管的输导能力差异所致,输导能力强的品种能够输送更多营养物质促进植株快速生长,输导能力弱品种则相反。In order to ascertain tree nutrition in grape cultivars with different growth potential in relation to xylem anatomy, exploration of the reasons for the differences of growth potential, six grape cultivars were selected as the plant materials. By paraffin method and hand sectioning, the xylem anatomical structure of roots and stems were comparatively studied, and morphological characteristics, carbon, nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrition were determined. The results showed that xylem rate, vessel diameter,vessel frequency, total vessel area, the ratio of total vessel area and xylem area in growth vigorous cultivars were significantly higher than other cultivars, and growth weak cultivars were significantly lower. In growth vigorous cultivars, carbon content in root and stem was lower, significantly higher phosphorus content,significantly lower C/N, P/N and K/N in root and leaf than other cultivars. In growth weak cultivars, carbon content in root was higher than other cultivars; nitrogen content in root and leaf was significantly lower,significantly lower phosphorus and potassium contents in leaf, significantly lower K/N in stem; nitrogen content in stem was significantly higher, significantly higher C/N in root and leaf, significantly higher K/N and K/P in leaf. Thus, the cause of the growth potential difference among cultivars was due to differences of transporting ability in xylem vessel. The cultivars with transporting ability strong can supply a large number of nutrients to promote plant growth, and for the cultivars with transporting ability weak was just the opposite.

关 键 词：葡萄 生长势 营养 木质部 输导能力 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]